Essay --

1.Task Write the title or the code of exercises that collect to be completed (e.g. Lab Exercise 1)Lab Work 12.Objectives List the targetives of doing the exercise2.1. To learn how to use the array list 2.2. Create a generic class of Array list of 30 hotels 2.3.To complete Hotel ADT class 2.4 To display the name of all hotels and their location2.5 Calculate and display the snatch of manner for each Hotel that stimulant drug by user3.Algorithm and designWrite the steps to solve the problem and/or the design of the solutionHotel-sName take in-sDistrict String-iNumRoom int+Hotel()+Hotel(String,String,int)+getData(String,String,int) void+getName() String+getDistrict() String+getNumRoom() int+getCalculateTax() double+isLarge() boolean+display() StringDemo Hotel Flow Chart START Declaration of all variable sName,sInput, sDistrict, iNumRoom,bIsLarge,str Instantiate the ArrayLists object ArrayListhotelList = new ArrayList(30) Create Object Hfor(int iNo = 1 iNo Ask user to use JoptionPaneEnter Hotel Name Enter district of hotel Enter room number The Hotel is large? ( yes / no ) for(int iIndex = 0 iIndex System.out.println(display()) END4.Code listings and output evidence Program code and ... ....String)4.Method setData in Class Hotel cannot be applied to attached types6.Total time (hours) taken to complete the exercise Write the actual hours you took to do the exercise 5 hours7.Comments of the easiness or difficulties or experience in completing the exercise Comments about what you have learned from doing the exercisesAfter completing this exercise, I had already know How to create an ArrayList.In my opinion this lab work is preferably tough because I need to Search and list 30 real name Hotel in Malaysia.In this Task User must Also need to input 30 time of hotel information its became a problem because when I enter the input more than 10 time.my blue Jay will have a problem .either It close It self or Nothing appear at the JOptionPane show input dialog box. instance of this problem I need to rewrite the hotel information to many time.

Essay --

Prisons SocietyIn order to go into depth about the prison experience, I believe that the indispensable interrogation was adamant in collar some of the reasons why people are locked up in the first butt. There are numerous charges that can be filed in order to submit chances for some unrivaled to go to jail. The experiences that people go through in their lives, make them whom they are, well at least that is one of my beliefs. separately person that can end up locked up may not experience the same things, however for the most part after the reading it is practicable to conclude that most experiences are similar in nature. Our book, American Corrections, does clearly break down corrections as a whole, but I was super interested in the information about prison experiences. Thus, this reading will introduce my views of women and prison. Prior to reaching the core of this essay, I have to gain an understanding of the experience as a whole, thus Chapter 11 discussed the prison society as a whole. Initially, the inmate code, which is a set of rules of conduct that reflect the set and norms of the prison social system and help define for inmates the image of the model prisoner. The rule that apply to that were broken down into a total of five necessary rules to, from my knowledge, stay in rather good standings1.Dont interfere with inmate interests.2.Dont quarrel with fellow inmates.3.Dont overwork inmates.4.Maintain yourself.5.Dont trust the guards or the things they stand for.These things were also mentioned in an interview that I conducted with an individual whom actually was an inmate at one of Americas worst prisons (Ridgeway and Casella). Another thing that was mentioned, that I want to harp briefly on is that fact... ...fference is how female inmates tend to form pseudo families in which they adopt various roles as to a father, mother, daughter, or sister, which in a sense gives them a sense of better protection than that of men who want to eg ress more dominant and not like the rest. This is in reference to subcultures to which is discussed in the reading form theories and concepts that were first developed in male prisons. As express previously, males tend to act for themselves and are evaluated by others according to how they adhere to the inmate code. Women place less emphasis on status achievement and recognition. They also place are different from their response to violence which would include slapping, kicking, biting, and hitting, versus the male disposition of a more serious attack of shanking because males are much more possible to feel more threatened by another inmate.

The Death of My Cat :: Personal Narrative essay about myself

The Death of My CatThis fall, in the bleak and rainy days just after Thanksgiving, two members of my family died. The first, a great aunt, passed on after delaying for years in a nursing home. Her funeral was sad in that the only mourners, different than her child and the immediate family, were an elderly couple who once lived next door. The other death was my chuck, maam Macbeth, who died alone in a kitty hospital while my p arnts were away. Lady Macbeth was a remarkable cat. All cat owners think their cats are remarkable, but Lady Macbeth made a lasting impression on everyone she met, perhaps because she was never much of a cat. Lady Macbeth saw herself as a person who for some reason was treated like a cat day after day until it drove her mad. To her dying day she never stop insisting (quite loudly) that she was NOT a cat and to please stop picking her up and making silly meowing noises and locking her in the basement with an actual cat (her sister Grimalkin). She and Grim alkin were famous largely for the adventures they had while her masters were away. There was the time she stayed the weekend at a friends apartment and uprooted all of his potted plants. There was the rear paper incident and the deep fat fryer incident. There was the time she managed to knock over a lazyboy recliner (I never did figure out how she did that one). Her sister usually performed the stunts, but a bewildered Lady Macbeth usually got the blame. She had, as I said, an effect on people. Those who did not like cats to begin with often utilize Lady Macbeth as Exhibit A. But those with a place in their heart for cats would become more and more fascinated upon each new encounter. She was everlastingly frantic, was terrified of the outdoors by day but drawn there by night, would speak directly with humans in a most un-cat-like way, and would brand a beeline for any available lap, especially mine. I was very fond of Grimalkin, but still regard Lady Macbeth as my most eccentri c friend. It fazed me at first that I wasnt able to make it back to Idaho before she died. What I wouldnt give for one more hour of lap time with Lady Macbeth But then it occurred to me that I was placing undue emphasis on her final days.

Another Kind of Prejudice :: Education Tracking Schooling Essays

Another Kind of Prejudice A high school education is not only the mastery of the triple Rs but also a foundation for life. High school is the finishing point of many individuals for the educational system, and for the rest, it should be a strong foundation for a higher education. High school curriculum should be broad in the sense that this will be the last formal education for some, and it should expose every students to various elements they whitethorn never encounter again. All students should leave high school with a base knowledge of what Mike rose in his give Lives on the Boundary calls the cannonical orientation. Cannonical orientation is the belief that all children should have the foundation of reading the great classics. This foundation of the classics is what we will be judged by in the future. In reading the classics we become more knowledgeable about viewpoints on different situations, and these various views influence how we perceive obstacles in our life. Rose focus es on literature, however this working out of different views transfers even further, not just for literature, but for mathematics, science and history. Mike Rose raised the issue of cannonical orientation and prejudice against those who cannot speak English well. I have come across another kind of prejudice in the educational system. It starts out early in our education process and may go along your children from reaching their full potential. When children start junior high school they are entering a new world. Many schools have a system in their junior high school called tracks. Tracking is a system where students are grouped together with other students throughout their academic courses. The foundation for this system is group the students together based on their academic performance. According to administrators and teachers who favor this method, tracking makes an easier environment for the teachers. The teachers will be able to stay focused on the replete(p) group, instead of having some students bored with concepts they have already mastered. The reverse is also true, where students are being taught at a level above their capability. We see this doctrine of teaching in elementary school where the students are put into small reading groups based on their reading level. Tracking leads to the possibility that many students may be misjudged because the school administrators and teachers are basing the childrens academic future solely on their academic achievement in grammar school.

Why does Holden fear adulthood? Essay -- English Literature

Why does Holden fear adulthood?The novel catcher in the rye is set in the 1950s and is narrated by a four-year-old boy c wholeed Holden Caulfield who is sixteen years old. He tellsthe story between the end of his school term and Christmas break. Weknow he is in a mental hospital and is telling the story of a few dayshe spent in New York city, he shares his feelings, emotions andopinions against the world surrounding him.Holden Caulfield, he is a soul who feels the need to be in controlof everything in his life, still the problem comes when he finds himselfin the transition between childhood and adulthood. Holden wants andtries to act like an adult, but is unable to accept the fact he isbecoming one, perhaps because of his association of adulthood withphonies and all he hates. By being in the stage where he is, hemanages to avoid change, control his world with his own hands, yetcreates a paradox between what he is, and what he wants to be.Possibly the main reason to why Holden doe snt want to become an adultis his perception of phoniness and hypocrisy surrounding adultsociety. Holden shows his criticism towards most of the grownups whointervene in his life, specially those related to his schools. We cigarettetake Ossenburger as an example, he represents everything Holden hates,wealthy famous character who for Holden only gives phony speeches onhow to live life.He said he talked to deliveryman all the time. Even when he was driving hiscar. That killed me, I can just see the big phony bastard shiftinginto first gear and asking Jesus to send him a few more stiffs (Pg17).This is just one of many examples Holden sees as fake. Phoniness ishis main concern against society. Holden lacks the capa... ...and wanted to be an adult.Holden fears becoming an adult in estimation and heart, but wants to becomeone in his actions. He wants to be safe but take chances. Its abattle between childhood and adulthood, between innocence andphoniness. This battle is what has made H oldens world an illusion,what has made him a madman. Holden fears landing form his illusion,becoming what he despises, knowing his protection is wooly and knowinghe is vulnerable to the world. What we see in Holden is probably notuncommon at all, he wishes to be a child at mind where it satisfieshim internally but an adult in his actions, just like everyone, theyget the side of the situation which satisfies them most. We never seewhat Holden becomes, but we see how his paradoxical bureau of acting andthinking is just a reflection of his fear of taking the full step intothe adult society.

Why does Holden fear adulthood? Essay -- English Literature

Why does Holden fear liberalhood?The novel catcher in the rye is set in the 1950s and is narrated by ayoung boy called Holden Caulfield who is sixteen years old. He tellsthe story amid the end of his school term and Christmas break. Weknow he is in a amiable hospital and is telling the story of a few dayshe spent in New York city, he shares his feelings, emotions andopinions against the world surrounding him.Holden Caulfield, he is a person who feels the need to be in controlof everything in his life, but the problem comes when he finds himselfin the transition between childhood and adulthood. Holden wants andtries to act similar an adult, but is unable to accept the fact he isbecoming one, perhaps because of his association of adulthood withphonies and all he hates. By being in the full point where he is, hemanages to avoid change, control his world with his own hands, yetcreates a paradox between what he is, and what he wants to be.Possibly the main flat coat to why Holden do esnt want to become an adultis his perception of phoniness and hypocrisy surrounding adultsociety. Holden shows his criticism towards most of the grownups whointervene in his life, specially those related to to his schools. We cantake Ossenburger as an example, he represents everything Holden hates,wealthy famous character who for Holden only gives phony speeches onhow to live life.He said he talked to delivery boy all the time. Even when he was driving hiscar. That killed me, I can just see the big phony bastard shiftinginto first gear and intercommunicate Jesus to send him a few more stiffs (Pg17).This is just one of many examples Holden sees as fake. Phoniness ishis main concern against society. Holden lacks the capa... ...and wanted to be an adult.Holden fears becoming an adult in mind and heart, but wants to becomeone in his actions. He wants to be safe but take chances. Its abattle between childhood and adulthood, between innocence andphoniness. This battle is what has mad e Holdens world an illusion,what has made him a madman. Holden fears landing form his illusion,becoming what he despises, knowing his shelter is lost and knowinghe is vulnerable to the world. What we see in Holden is probably notuncommon at all, he wishes to be a child at mind where it satisfieshim internally but an adult in his actions, just like everyone, theyget the side of the situation which satisfies them most. We never seewhat Holden becomes, but we see how his monstrous way of acting andthinking is just a reflection of his fear of taking the full step intothe adult society.

Advocacy Plan for Social Change Essay

Protected class group are individuals protected from harassment and discrepancy. Discrimination in occupation and involution takes different forms. Under state and federal legislation, unlawful discrimination may take place when an individual or group of people is treated in a different way due to particular attributes such as sex, color and race, which troikas to impairment of equality of treatment and opportunity. Discrimination in the place of perish may occur when selecting and recruiting staff and considering dismissal, retrenchment, promotion, or transfer. The reason to advocate for this group is that human dignity and human bring aboutment hinge on freedom from discrimination at the place of work.Eliminating discrimination is important as society, individuals, and enterprises stand to gain. It is invaluable if a person is able to choose his/her professional paths, be rewarded based on his/her merit as well as develop his/her skills and talent. Discrimination leads to disa dvantages and imbalances in the labor market. Justice and fairness at the place of work boosts motivation, self-esteem, and morale of employees. A more loyal and productive labor force combined with practical human resources management leads to more competitive and productive enterprises.Promoting equality and enacting laws outlawing discrimination is crucial for social change (Kundu, 2001). However, laws are not the only solution to eliminate discrimination. The first step to advocate for the protected class group is to encourage organizations to develop workplace programs that reduce discrimination and racism. In some cases, discrimination and racism result from lack of knowledge in different population groups. Creating a recruitment strategy that supports diversity in the place of work is an effective approach to improve attitudes about workers who have different cultures.In addition, diversity awareness instruction can reduce discrimination and racism. Diversity awareness tra ining is different from training about laws of employment. Diversity awareness programs educate people about factors that lead to improved relationships in the workplace such as appreciation and mutual respect for similarities and differences(Kundu, 2001). Diversity awareness boosts attending and contribution of the employees irrespective of their cultural or physical attributes and creates diverse workplaces.The stakeholders to take part in this campaign against workplace discrimination are employees and community groups. Employees represent different communities which have different backgrounds. thither are a number of groups that are against discrimination and racism such as American Institute for Managing Diversity (AIMD), Center for Equal Opportunity (CEO), and CoAction. union groups can help to promote community dialogues on discrimination and racism.People will learn to respect the dissimilarities in all populations leading to social change. fleck a person needs to be prou d of his/her affiliation in a certain culture, this does not imply that he/she can feel superordinate word or disrespect another group. When employees join groups that are working against racism, they will be able to maintain open dialogue regarding their race and others. When people learn about cultures, this will reduce discrimination since they will have to adapt to each other.Due to few stereotypes, individuals will respect each other. As clipping goes by, people will be able to tolerate each other and eventually accept one another. To create communities that are influential to accomplish satisfying change, there is need for different people to work together. When various communities join forces, it will be possible to reach common goals. Each community has alone(p) perspectives and strengths that will benefit the larger society.ReferenceKundu, S. (2001). Managing Cross-Cultural Diversity A Challenge for Present and Future Organizations. Retrieved 11November, 2012, From http/ /www.delphibusinessreview.org/v_2n2/dbrv2n2e.pdf

Was the Use of the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Truman’s Best Option to End World War Ii

The goal of the investigation is to determine whether the use of thermonuclear machines on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by U. S. professorship Truman was the best option to destruction World War II. The investigation will begin by researching other options available to President Truman, which were debated during the war. Then Trumans options will be analysed for limitations, such as documentary-life practicality, as well as reliability of the source which presented the options.Some of the issues which will be examined in this investigation are why both the naval blockade and go along bombing was not an option and why the nuclear bomb was the logical choice over an encroachment. Two sources that will be evaluated due to their large measuring stick of usable information and relevant data are Hiroshima and Nagasaki-Fire from the Sky and an article from the Kemble Kollection found at http//www. mikekemble. com/ww2/downfall. html entitled wherefore America Was Rig ht To bedevil The Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima Nagasaki, both of which will be analyzed in part C for validity and limitations.Word ascertain 173 Part B Summary of assure The war for the United States has gone on for four years state-supported opinion was starting to decay. When the European theatre was still seeing bloodshed the bonnie civilian could follow along because the locations of Europe were well known to the average American. The Pacific theatre was different in this regard civilians had no concept of how or where the war was be fought, it is not a huge surprise it was a nuisance to the average person.However thats not all, advertisers were marketing new and wondrous products that would experience after the war eat uped, along with rationing and the increasing death toll that would reach over three hundred thousand lives before the war was done. With the new-fashioned defeat of the Nazis most of the world believed that the war was won Japan would easily be shoved as ide and the war was now a distant annoyance preventing soldiers from go home and holding back new items from consumers.Because of the pressuring demands of public opinion, President Truman had to find a way to repeal the war, quickly and cleanly, or he would face the end of public support. Options such as a great naval siege of the Japanese important islands and continued bombing of Japanese cities were considered useless by American Generals, they thought of it as choking, but not killing. Preparations and planning begun on what would have been the largest invasion of all time, code named Operation Downfall it would be an amphibian invasion of the Japanese islands involving millions of American soldiers and marines.The first invasion of Operation Downfall was named Operation Olympic and was chosen to arrive on the southern beach on the island Kyushu. However, a new report on enemy scout group strength on the island, specifically the southern edge, debated that the Japanese we re quickly reinforcing the southern side of the island and that troop strength increased from approximately eight thousand to over two hundred and six thousand. The Japanese had figured out what the American military was planning. To put on matters worse the Japanese government ordered civilians to take up arms and to defend to the death.With these two issues arriving the estimated death toll arrived at up to a million. With these despicable odds, the whole goal of Operation Downfall to produce a quick surrender was now even in debate, the fighting on the Japanese Islands may last a very long time. However with a naval siege or B-29 bombing possibly dragging on for years the invasion was still the solely considered option. However even the land invasion could cause long term issues if Japan wasnt defeated quickly the Soviet core may also invade setting up even more tension.Thankfully for the United States government, the Manhattan project succeeded in producing the worlds first nuclear bomb, and on August 6th 1945 atomic bomb Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima. Over eighty thousand people died in the first few seconds, hitherto the Japanese still refused to surrender on American terms. It took a second nuclear bomb, Fat Man, being dropped on Nagasaki before they surrendered. Word Count 517 Part C Evaluation of Sources The two sources of depict to be critically examined are Hiroshima and Nagasaki-Fire from the Sky by Andrew Langley and The Kemble Kollection by Mike Kemble.Hiroshima and Nagasaki-Fire in the Sky is a novel of the events leading up to and repercussions that followed the dropping of the two nuclear bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Published in 2006, and pen by accomplished historical motive Andrew Langley. One thing to note about Andrew Langley is that he specializes in writing childrens novels. Although that fact doesnt compromise the truth behind the writings, it does however indicate that the novel is not as in-d epth as other sources could be, instead providing a broad overview of the events.However despite being oriented towards children it does not hold off on the cruel hard facts such as eighty thousand dead in the blast alone. Although the novel is considered a secondary source it does use real quotes from thoughts of the men dropping the bomb, people involved in making the bomb and from the people being bombed, as well as numerous real pictures. Andrew Langley, employ the pictures and the narration makes it very clear that everyone involved with the bomb regretted it a clear bias, which brings onto the topic of limitations.The novel seems more oriented to educate children on the horror of nuclear war, rather than to educate on the reasons why it was chosen. In fact it does not explore other possibilities that were considered by generals involved and by President Truman himself. The reader would line up out of it believing that the only plan was to use the terrible bomb, when in reali ty it was almost not considered. The second source to be evaluated is the Kemble Kollection, here fountain of On a Sailors Grave (No Roses Grow) Mike Kemble writes about a large variety of different aspects to do with World War II.Mike Kemble makes it clear on his main page that his articles are ideal for education and referencing. The article of particular interest for this assignment is titled U. S. Plans to Invade Japan in World War 2. Why America Was Right to Drop the Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima Nagasaki. In this article Mike Kemble details operation Downfall, Olympic and numerous other options that were considered by President Trumans military advisors and generals at the time, as well as the inevitable result of using the atomic bomb. His site is very popular with over 1. 3 million views and all his articles include references to external sites and sources.One thing to question is who Mike Kemble actually is his site does not mention everything about his credentials or any edu cation he may have. Further research says hes a retired ex-army NCO now working for Legion Security, part of the Royal British Legion. When it comes to limitations on his work, there are very few. Besides some form issues such as poor in-article referencing there really isnt that much to say he covers most aspects of a topic and explains the reasons for the decisions made. One possible limitation for the particular article used is that most of the ources he references in his collection are not primary ones however, it is not a huge issue. Word Count 545 Part D Analysis President Truman, like all presidents, was bound by the demands of the public they wanted a quick end to the war for numerous reasons. However that statement alone is not necessarily the case, an article for a newspaper written by Admiral William V. Pratt makes it clear that there was another option to invasion and the bomb, a simple navy war of attrition, one with few casualties that will entirely last longer a slow and steady sort of approach.Of movement at this point there are clear lines as to who supports what, each severalise of military supporting its own particular route to victory. Then theres the bomb itself, today there is still debate as to whether it was the virtuously sound way of ending the war. Historian Ralph Raico (a senior scholar of the Mises Institute) argues the what-if scenario. He points to the fact that if the Nazis used an atomic bomb, and the allies still won, then the use of the weapon would be considered a war crime and the Nazis would be hanged not that they werent already.That is undoubtedly true, however an article written by Matthew Seligmann (reader in history at the University of Northampton, and author of Does Peace Lead to War? ) for The Guardian argues the opposite, he states that Japanese controlled territory was suffering from starvation and that four hundred thousand Asians died each month, nitty-gritty that the use of the bomb was the morally right t hing to do. For the invasion the range of casualties is extremely broad, anywhere between a million to two hundred thousand. Of course each number has its own uses especially if the three military branches were each striving to be the one that ended the war.Former army-man and author Mike Kemble argues that Japans population would have been able to survive a navy siege, using its farms and that the bombing could only damage the cities. His main support for this argument is that over half(prenominal) of Japans population was in rural areas and even within cities residents often had gardens for fruit and vegetables, often even wheat. With public support for the war easy dying, Truman had to find a way to quickly end the war. Both a naval blockade and continued bombing were considered ineffective.The only viable solution besides the atomic bomb is the invasion however with potential for a million casualties and the Soviet Union invading Japan, it would have simply not been fast enou gh. The end of the war was a question of speed, what would force the Japanese to quit, and what would do it the fastest. The fact that two of Japans cities had to be destroyed is further proof that spread over bombing, blockades or endless city combat would not have brought the war to a close. President Trumans best option was to use the two atomic bombs Fat Man, and Little Boy. Word Count 486 Part E ConclusionTiming was key for President Truman all the options presented to him would take too long to end the war and would only bring further complications. The only option he had was to use the two atomic bombs to force the surrender of Japan. Andrew Langleys book Hiroshima and Nagasaki Fire from the Sky, because it is directed at the younger audience, it provides an excellently summarized view of the events leading up to the droppings of the atomic bombs. Andrew Langley himself is a well experienced author with plenty of publications and the book from which this investigation takes evidence is filled with primary sources.The bias against the bombs is due to the nature the bombs played in the Cold War, not against the use of the bombs themselves. The Kemble Collection, by Mike Kemble goes in-depth at answering the whys of history, not documenting the flow of history itself but looking at the other options of the times. His work provided some of the greatest plethora of knowledge on the different options Truman faced, and despite the sources that Kemble uses being mostly secondary, his sources are plenty and well founded, and he makes a point of making it well referenced for the sake of education.List of SourcesThe Decision to Use the Bomb, script Mice. Net. December 2008.online http//www. bookmice. net/darkchilde/japan/atomic. html Seligmann, Matthew.The alternatives to bombing Hiroshima were not morally superior. Guardian. Friday 15 August 2008. Guardian News and Media Limited 2009.online www. guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/15/nuclear.japan Langley, Andrew. Hi roshima and Nagasaki

Compare and Contrast the Spread of Islam Essay

Two of the or so significant religious beliefs are Islam and saviorianity, their go around has effected many places throughout the world. Throughout the eld these religions have had substantial impact on the course of history. There are many things alike and different between the spread of Islam in Africa and the spread of Christianity in Europe.During the first two centuries of the existence of from each one religion there were fundamental differences between the expansion of Christianity and that of Islam, despite early similarities in the way they spread. Christianity existed several centuries prior to the birth of Islam, and by the time Muhammad founded Islam in the Middle easternmost, Christianity had moved its center to Europe, where it had firmly established itself as the official religion. But Christianity originally sprouted in the Middle East after Christs resurrection in A.D. 30. The church began in Jerusalem and the surrounding area, and it initially preached the Gospel only to the Jews. It grew quite rapidly for a timein fact, the bear of Acts records the conversion of 3000 Jews in a single, extraordinary day.During this early period, however, Christianity did not expand outlying(prenominal) beyond Jerusalem and its vicinity. That would soon change. After the first few years of relative peace for the church, a terrible persecution broke out following the stoning of Stephen. Jewish leaders hunted down the followers of Jesus and threw them into prison. At this time many in the church scattered to the surrounding countryside of Judea and Samaria. Christianitys worldwide expansion was beginning (Nosotro 1).When Islam was founded about 550 years later, around the beginning of the 7th century, its initial experience was strikingly similar to the early experience of the Christian church. In 610 A.D. Muhammad claimed that he received revelations from God that called him to preach a new religion called Islam. At first he began to do so secretly, but after three years he found the courage to proclaim his new trustfulness publicly and gained a growing number of followers.However, his monotheistic message was not well received by many in his polytheistic city, where mountain were employ to profiting from pagan pilgrims. As a result, the early Muslim convinces faced persecution, just as the early Christians had. Islams growth was limited during thistime, and it did not spread far beyond Mecca. Eventually the harassment forced Muhammad to leave Mecca, so he fled to Medina. Here he gathered many convinces who became his militant followers. As with the early Christian church, therefore, persecution caused the first significant spread of Islam (Goddard 128).The histories of Christian and Muslim expansion, however, lost much of their similarity after the points of their initial dispersions caused by persecution. Christians, for example, generally established new churches in cities, intending that the gospel would diffuse into t he countryside from there. But this made the spread of Christianity during the first two centuries an essentially urban phenomenon, and it became an urban religion. In contrast, Arabia had very few cities, so Islam spread mostly through villages and rural areas. Another contrast was that the Christian church continued to face persecution throughout its first two centuries, and yet it continued to grow. On the other hand, persecution against Muslims had essentially ended by the time Muhammad died. Many such distinctions made the spread of Christianity and the spread of Islam extremely different (Hutchinson 122).Perhaps the most significant difference between the first two centuries of the expansion of Christianity and Islam was between the methods used to spread their messages. These methods stemmed from the beliefs of each religion. Their contrasting attitudes caused Christians and Muslims to go about conversion in different manners. During their first two centuries, Christians did not force their religion on others but relied on missionaries, preaching, and leading godly lives to draw people to the one unfeigned God. Muslims, on the other hand, did not rely solely on preaching to spread their faiththey turned also to the sword. While it is true that many did convert willingly to Islam, the Muslims also conquered vast areas of land in the Middle East and Northern Africa during the seventh and eighth centuries. When they attacked or occupied new territory, they gave its inhabitants three options convert to Islam, pay a special tax, or die. Under these circumstances many chose to pay the tax, and many others chose to convert to Islam (Nosotro 1).The differing methods of expansion actually helped determine the area each religion would cover as it spread. Christians during the first two centuries traveled from city to city in the Roman Empire, taking advantage of the excellent Roman roads. As a result, the first two centuries saw the Gospel spread primarily in Ro man territory, although it was also carried to about other areas, including Ethiopia and perhaps even India. By the year 200 A.D., Christian communities existed throughout the Middle East and Turkey, and there were several in Greece and Italy as well. Islam, however, spread from Saudi Arabia and conquered most of the Middle East and North Africa.Muslims even extended themselves into the Iberian Peninsula and pressed north, nearly reaching Paris before Charles Martel checked their advance by defeating them at the Battle of Tours in 732. Because Islam advanced by force, it met with hostility and resistance in Europe, where Christianity was already strong. But in other areas, such as Egypt and Syria, it was accepted readily by people who had been living under suppressive rule. As a result of its method of expansion Islam could not spread far north into Europe but remained in the territory south of Europe instead (Neander 224).Clearly, the first two centuries of Christian expansion dif fered slap-uply from Islams first two centuries of expansion, in spite of some early similarities. Although the spread of both religions was initially sparked by persecution, they went about spreading their messages in very different ways. As a result of Christianitys credit on missionaries, it spread primarily in the Roman Empire. Since Islam used force to expand its territory, it could not expand far into Europe because it met military opposition. Instead it engulfed most of the Middle East and North Africa. Even today the marks of Christianity and Islam can be seen in the areas where they first spread. After its first two centuries of expansion, Christianity eventually became the official religion of the Roman Empire, and it profoundly influenced the development of Europe and of the Americas. Islam still remains dominant in much of the Middle East and North Africa where it once created an conglomerate (Nosotro 5).In the beginning these two religions started on the same path of expansion.But their expansions began to differ more and more throughout the years. The spread of Islam has greatly influenced Africa. Likewise, Christianity had a great influence on Europe. Both these religions have, and will continue to have, major effects throughout history.Work CitedGoddard, Hugh. Christians and Muslims. New York Routledge, 1995.Hutchinson, Paul. The Spread of Christianity. Boston Abingdon Press, 1922.Neander, Augustus. General History of the Christian Religion and Church. Boston Crocker & Brewster, 1854.Nosotro, Rita. The Spread of Christianity and Islam. April 07, 2008 http//www.hyperhistory.net/apwh/essays/comp/cw11christislamexpand.htm.

Persuasive Bullying Essay

This article is a practical help for you in your smooth-tongued blusterous strain writing. In order to write a good persuasive push around essay, you have to become determine with the fact what the bullying is and how seriously it influences the people. The definition of the notion of bullying is as follows bullying is an open aggression towards a person or towards a group of people by the new(prenominal) person or a group of people.There are so many kinds of bullying, however, we are going to deal with the bullying, which is taking place in the colleges and other(a) higher educational establishments because of this problem is also sharp in this very field nowadays. In order to write a professional persuasive bullying essay you have to write it from the prism of psychology. That is why be ready to investigate and analyze a lot while your persuasive bullying essay writing. A Topic talking toing a Common Occurrence Bullying Essays Need Novel and Fresh PerspectivesHave you eve r been bullied? Have you ever bullied someone? sometimes what we think as simple teasing may amount to bullying in the eyes and the minds of someone with a sensitive mind. Therefore, this is a common situation which has repercussions which most of us may not foresee. Writing a bullying essay, can contain the feelings you had when either being bullied or bullying someone. On the other hand, it could be about the repercussions as mental trauma undergone by the victims.There are many ways in which to write this essay. However, firstly, we need to understand what bullying is. Defining Bullying Bullying is behaviour where one individual who is usually physically bigger act obnoxiously, annoying and physically and mentally disturbing another(prenominal) individual. Most often bullying comes from people who are either lacking in social skills or some form of personal affliction or a complex. Bullying is most common in young children.There are many instances where a small made child is oft en bullied by bigger and aggressive children. But we also see adults resorting to bullying younger children or more timid individuals. Write a Bullying Essay Which Address this Social Bane The Dire Repercussions of Bullying can be addressed in a Bullying Essay Bullying is something which can occur in many places. Bullying will begin mainly in schools, beginning at the age of ten or twelve. However, it is something which many people do disregarding of age as well.This extends the habit to colleges, work place and even home. Writing a bullying essay will educate you and others on the repercussions of bullying. Your essay on bullying can be handled in various ways. If you wish, you will be able to concentrate on the repercussions of being bullied, especially once its carried too far, how to stop bullying, and the reasons for bullying. Make sure that you develop a proper essay layout and plan what part of bullying you will concentrate on in your essay.

Starting a Business: Musical Instrument Dealership

The Opportunity Music has power to attract al nigh all the mint. In a hoidenish worry Bangladesh historically quite a little rich person practiced harmony for a long time. That implies that practice of medicineal industry prat get only bigger and bigger in the future which should increase the demand of the musical m everywheres. And with only a few competitors the opportunity in musical means dealership and make doing musical instrument spate be really huge. In our query we hasten observed that right off days people argon very stigma conscious. safekeeping that in mind we ar introducing second sight Guitar for the commencement ceremony time in Bangladesh which is a very oftentimes historied imperfection in the whole world.It is a Japanese inciter who makes electronic guitars and basses. It is a very everyday brand in m each countries right now. ESP is well known for their stylist guitars and basses. legion(predicate) popular rock and metal bands atomic number 18 using ESP recently and we guess it allow for be very popular in our region as well because there are number of rock and metal bands in our country now. We are introducing this new brand because according to our analysis it volition get through us a agonistical advantage over our competitors and it allow for in addition differentiate our company from all the major players of the industry.Apart from launching ESP in Bangladesh we are also conjureing installment system which should attract more students who are the main site customers of our company. With the scotch aid of the technical and management team of east by south we are also offering free servicing of the musical instruments. Overall we can say that the opportunity in the music industry is huge. We believe we can capitalize this for our benefit. We int depot to do that by our creative belief and meeting all the customers needs. Products and Services Tune and Play go out sell new and use musical instruments and accessories.Our primary spots lead be electric and acoustical guitars, amplifiers and electronic keyboards, drams and some(prenominal)(prenominal) local instruments analogous harmonium, tobla and flute. In addition we allow for dumbfound a full service, on-site repair and customization department (band instruments, guitars and electronics). Tune and Play forget offer several name brand instruments such as Electric and acoustic guitars by ESP. Bass Guitar Keyboards Pianos Drums Amps Mixer Microphone Processor Sound-Card Foot-Pedal Violin Saxophone A very well stocked accessory department to support the to a higher place items. In addition to complete repair services forour merchandises, we will emphasize upgrades and customization items to develop other in scrape streams our competitors have not considered. When carrying a brand name item conflicts with giving the customer the outflank all-around value, we will al counsels pursue the product that best sui ts our clients interest. Marketing Analysis Target Market Our main target customers are musicians who are ready to pay anything for their desired instrument.However within that musician customer,there aredifferent segments, ranging from professionals, to semi-professionals, to hobbyists and novices. We int stopping point to target musical novices, hobbyists, and semi-professionals. These groups embarrass the largest portionage of musicians,with the greatest amount of disposable income. Thesemart segmentscan generally be approached with the homogeneous marketing techniques, and can be very loyal when hard-boiled properly. We are also targeting the students of those schools where Music is offered as a mandatory course to them.Moreover there are many music school are enclose at capital of Bangladesh, and the numbers are in rise. Reasons for Buying our Product We are the only reposition in Dhaka who will offer ESP brand instruments for which musicians have a high demand. We will al so offer the novice to semi-professional musician, the convenience of a wide selection, unique offers, experienced and reliable staff, and an educationally-focused community vegetable marrow all in one location Again most musicians need support and service. The instruments that we sell can be difficult or impossible for end users to service.Potential clients tend to seek stores that can fulfill these services through word of mouth referrals or by using guide on shopping experiences. These musicians come back time after time if they feel they are getting a fair deal. Therefore, we will ensure bounteous numbers of technicians for them always, so that they can find solution of their instruments problems any time. We will also provide one course of study warranty for the brand items. Analysis of Marketing data To know roughly the customer preferences and needs towards musical instrument, we conducted a market survey.After self-madely completing the survey analysis, we had a more clear idea of what a potential demoraliseer or musician desires from a music store. For our survey, we targeted people whose who are supra 15 years old. We put up that 53% people prefer rock music, 27% people prefer heavy metal and rest of the people like classical and pop music. 47% people like to buy Guitars from a music store, 27% 1ike to buy Keyboards, 13% like to buy Drums and others prefer to buy some local instruments like Harmonium, Flute and so forthWe found that people unavoidableness both coin and installment payment available in the store. We found out, almost 40% people usually buy instruments for their learning purpose, 35% people buy because they are in band, and rest of the people buy by following their favorite artist. 80% people want lifetime free servicing if the instrument is not broken and rest of the people prefer stores should give year-end trades with 10%-15% discount. For people, Dhanmondi, Panthapath and Uttara as the most convenient place fir shopping . Industry AnalysisSince the inception of Bangladesh, basic musical instruments were cosmos manufactured by some local manufacturer. The department was being run by some minor players and import for marketing for international brands didnt exist at all. The market of musical instrument grew massively during late 70s and proterozoic 80s when many artists & bands were emerging. Demand of many international instruments like guitar, drums started to increase along with those regional instruments. From that time the need of importing instruments of various brand had became a profitable opportunity for entrepreneurs.Further, with the technological advancement and immensely growing demand, more and more instrument seller were becoming available plainly there was not enough legal and economic support to install any authorized dealership or franchising for the provision of brand demand. Though 40 years back from now Melody & Co. , one of the musical instrument dealers, started their busi ness in Old Town of Dhaka during the Pakistan era, they were just a dealer of regional instruments like harmonium, Tablas and so onte footstepra Industry situation Although enough growth has taken place in the musical instrument sector scarcely most of it can be attributed to the haphazard brand growth.Similarly Value Added Services have grown but are still a drop in the bucket. Now that the competition has been introduced in the instrument sector some very positive impact have been observed on the growth of the sector in a short duad of time which is expected to continue to grow for at least next couple of years. Key Success Factors Potentiality of music industry As the music scenario in Bangladesh is improving and getting the touch of western influence, people are also getting interested in western instruments like electric guitars, drums etc. Emerging brand consciousness Now days, musicians and artists are being more conscious about the brand. They now prefer brand over co st, as brand represent their image, style and quality. Globalization Due to globalization the market in Bangladesh is also getting the attention of the rest of the world. MNCs from different side of the world also want to access this new market before any of their competitors. So international instruments brands will eagerly enter this market to diversify their risk. Economic stability Though being a developing country, economic condition in Bangladesh is now days pretty much stable.So the buying power of East Pakistani people is also healthy enough for these instrument businesses. Trends Technological Technologically Bangladesh is about a couple of years back dated from the developed countries. As a result of that technological advancement in musical instrument is not that significant for last few years. Due to lack of proper experience and equipments there is no authorized manufacturing sector for instruments, except those handmade instruments. Political Politically Banglades h is a very unstable country. But this specific business has no connection with politics at all.But considering the international DFI or Franchising, political assessment is necessary. Due to political corruptions and instability, Bangladesh is sometimes favorable or unfavorable country for MNCs depending on the situation. Considering the political aspect, this instrument business does not have much to care about. Societal As this is related with culture and art, societal influence has redoubted impact over our business. Most societies of Bangladesh are conservative and they are attached with traditional Bangladeshi culture.These influence traditional Bangladeshi musical instruments like Harmonium, Tablas etc. But guitars & drums are more probably considered as western influence which is sometimes considered as a negative aspect by them. So to certain(prenominal) extent societal factors drive the industry. Assessment of Industry By considering the five forces of an industry, we c an assess our musical instrument industry from five different sides. bargain Power of Supplier In this specific business sector, suppliers have enough power to dominate over instrument dealership business in country like ours. Because of the economic sloth advancement, the suppliers (the brands) do not usually that much care about authorizing dealership in our country. in any carapace the brands that are more popular in Bangladesh will have a higher demand, any musical store will want to be a licensed dealer of them. equal of selecting and switching suppliers is quite high. All these factors de limitine the suppliers dominance over the industry. Bargaining Power of Buyers Presence of a few numbers of stores and dealers. be of buying brand products from abroad is quite high and heavily taxable.These factors determine the buyers low power over the industry. Threat of new freshman High opportunity of profitable venture. The market is not saturated yet. Low burden of govern ment rules and regulations So, the threats from new entrants are high in this industry. Threats of change Substitute products are limited and weak. Substitute products like other recreational products are not completely substitutable. So, threat of substitute products is quite low even do not exist at all. Rivalry among Competitors A very few established stores and dealers are present.Most of the other stores are discrete and unstable, which usually sell those regional instruments like Harmoniums, Tablas. The cost of production is quite high. Products are rated at fixed cost. Switching between products is costly. So rivalry among the existing competitors is moderate. It is not essential because of less switching power of customers and fixed price, and also not much less because of the low number of dealers. Competition Analysis After doing some research we have come with some direct, indirect and also some future competitors of our music store. major ones are identified. 1. Existing huge music stores In Dhaka city, there are 4-5 huge music stores which are OMNI, World music, Golden music and Music melody. They all have an approximate monthly sale of 10-15 lacs. Among our main competitor OMNI is our main concern. OMNI is the dealer of YAMAHA guitars and Pearl drums, which cost them a huge amount. Their initial investment was 2-3 crore, they business is mainly equity ground, they didnt take any loan because OMNI music store is a part of the huge business group. They reached their break even 4. 5 years.Demand for their music instrument is stable but on some special occasions their sales increase like on valentines day, pahela baishakh, independence day etc. Key success factor are commitment, honesty, right price quality and loyal customer. The other huge music stores mentioned earlier like golden music, music melody, world music whose business division is almost similar. They have a monthly sale of 10-12 lacs. They also bought many different brands th at differentiate their music store. Music melody produce some local instruments but in a dwarfish scale. picCompetitors Position based on Sales 1. Existing small music stores There are some small competitors in this market. They mainly get their product from the big competitors because investment costs need a huge amount of money to bring instruments. They also sale regionally produced instruments like harmonium, bahala etc. This kind of stores is also our concern because some of them may have the potential to grow as a huge competitor. 2. hereafter opening of music store Music appeals everyone in the world. Music industry in Bangladesh is growing at a steady rate.Because now days Nokia, Benson & hedges etc are coming up with competition to bring out the talents from our country. This gives even small time musicians grow in confidence to buy some heavy instruments. as well as music TV programs in all channels and music schools are establishing in Dhaka this also demand music inst ruments. So as demand for music instruments are growing, the more there will be openings of music store. Competitive advantage In order to sustain and expand in this competitive marketplace we will take effective decision and implement them.Our store is providing the product of ESP. We will provide brand uniqueness. Also we will offer some after sale service to our customers who will buy expensive instruments costing more than 50,000tk. We are also providing some different service like an deputize offer of your instrument with similar instrument but this would not be similar for everyone like we will check the instrument archetypical that decide whether it will be profitable to exchange so that after repairing we can sell it again a good price also sometimes we may require some money with the instrument depending on the product.We will also repair different instruments in our store with a nominal charge of starting tk. 1000. Also we will provide customers with the service of cust omizing the instruments like color requirements, putting a tattoo or art, band logo on their guitar or other instruments charging differently depending on instrument. These services make our stores different from others. Marketing Plan Pricing Policy For pricing, we divided our products in two segments. For ESP brand items, we are expiry to follow cost based pricing policy and for other products, we are going to follow competitor based pricing policy.These pricing strategies will help us sustain in the market, as well as make profit. live Based Pricing Policy In this policy, we would consider all our expenses. These accommodate transportation cost, utility cost, rental cost, promotional cost, storage cost etc. Once we find out all our expenses, we would divide it by the number of instruments unplowed in our store. This will give us expense per unit. After that, we would add the cost of the instrument itself with the expenses per unit. Then we will add 30% profit margin. An mann equin is shown belowSelling price = Total Cost / ((100-margin) / 100) If Total Cost of a guitar is TK 70,000, then by applying this formula, we get Selling price = 70, 000 / ((100 30) / 100) = TK 100,000 Competitor based pricing policy This is a method where we will use prices of the competing products as a benchmark instead of considering own costs or the customer demand. This will be applicable for products that my competitors are offering as well. For example guitar accessories, amps, keyboard, piano, drums etc.The reason for selecting this strategy is because it would be really difficult to survive in price wars with my competitors. They have more experience and they are also in this business for a longer time. As a result they have already cover a lot of their investment. This means they can offer products at a lower price than us. Place Our store will be located in Panthopath, Dhaka. It will be situated near Bashundhara City. Reasons for selecting this place are as follows -s ome of my competitors are located here. This means customers will prefer this place, since they have many options. since our store will be outside Bashundhara City, we can operate at a comparatively lower rent. -Panthopath is lucrative place for conducting business. -as there is sufficient transportation facility, people can easily visit our store. -Since there are some jamming pads located near our store, people are likely to pay us a visit. After some years, we are intentionning to expand our business to some other locations. One of our priorities will be Uttara. This is because flavor at the current market scenario, there are no musical stores in Uttara till now.Product Our main focus is ESP guitars because ESP guitars are unique and are preferred by a lot of the younger generation. They like its exceptional designs. Some of the designs available are X-shaped, V-shaped etc. Besides that, the sound of ESP guitars is good for both riffs and lead guitar. For other guitars, it is tough to match the price of ESP, providing the same quality. Promotion Strategy Ourcritical marketing program will be the grand opening, so we will place our initial advertising to give the greatest coverage.Our specific goal for the event is to create a big buzz for the local music community has ever seen regarding a new store. We will target our desired customer base using radio, newspapers, hand leaflet, banners and word of mouth. At present, radio is the easiest way to reach musicians for the simple reason that the love of music is what drives us to become musicians. Newsprint reaches a large portion of the public, letting them see whatwe have tooffer before making a trip to the store. Large billboard and banners in different areas and hand leaflets are also very useful way to intercommunicate the people about our promotional activities.We will also have regular advertisement in different youth oriented magazines. Another promotional plan is to telecast our advertisements in di fferent area based local cable channels. This is also a useful tool to inform people in economic way. Word of mouth is the one area we really hope to see develop, as a personal endorsement by a customer is expenditurey more to us than what any advertisement can achieve. Distribution We will follow the following strategies 1. Direct purchases from manufacturers generally the best price, but higher minimum orders. 2.Purchases from national distributors large selections, good prices. 3. Purchases from regional distributors small selection, average pricing. Management team We believe an efficient management team can increase the productivity of company. And a productive workforce can be an asset for a company and it can provide the company with a competitive advantage over the major players of the industry. We have started this business on the basis of partnership rules and regulation. There are seven partners and we all are the students of North South University.We know each othe r for a long period of time and we believe with our co operative effort we can make this company a very successful one. As we all are partners of the company and have contributed equally to the initial investment so all of us will be embarrassd in the decision making process. But for instant decision making we have prepared an organ gram. Chairman M. Riaz Mahmud CFO M. Nahian Morshed Board of Directors M.Faizur Rahman Board of Directors Mustafa Waki Chodhury Board of Directors Mohona caravansary Board of Directors M. Shahriar Firoz Board of Directors Rizon Minhazur Rahman We are hiring 5 sales executives, who will run our store. Our requirement is H. S. C. passed, fluent in English and have basic computer literacy knowledge.We will hire persons who are with good interpersonal skill and can convince the customers easily to buy instrument and behave well with the customer so that they await loyal and happy with our service. Delivering Process Our business is an import orient ed business. So, well have to wholly depend on shipping for the delivery process and also container trucks will also be involved to deliver the instruments as the port is situated in Chittagong and well have to transport the items to Dhaka. Customers will have the responsibility to transport their bought product to their favored destination.For payment to the parent company we will follow the Letter Of Credit (LC) system. In this system, we will get affiliated with an international bank which have subsidiary in Bangladesh. The international bank will have to be selected as the parent company might have trust issues and the international renowned bank will help us gain reliability. As soon as we receive the products, we will issue an LC. As our chosen company ESP is an established brand worldwide, they will take responsibility for the shipments. We had to get a license of ESP to get their permission of selling their product.The licensing took a great monetary value of our investment as we had to pay BDT. to ESP. According to the license, we need to achieve some requirements which are their benchmarks. We had to show projected sales and their requirement was to achieve an average of BDT. 50 lakh mark yearly within 5 years. We had to show them our work on balance sheet, income statement and break even analysis as they were looking into our business feasibility. Also they checked the location of the store to find out if enough demand will be generated from the place factor of four Ps. We reached an agreement that we will to train our servicing employees according to their training methods to create the same environment and to comply with their customer service. We also had to show them an overview of the demand of their brand ESP in Bangladesh. Financial Projections Income Statement Our income statement is initiated with finding out the sales of first month and it is utterly based on our surveys. We first found out the total market value in terms of BDT. We went through our surveys and found out the competitors yearly sales and the total represents the presumable market size.As we are in the initiation stage we are assuming to get a hold of no more than three percent (3%) of the market size. We did a sales forecast for every month. For starters, we assumed a growth rate of 0. 5 percent for the first three months which gradually increased to 1 percent and later we ended the first year with a growth rate of 2% in the last three months. The increasing growth rate will be as a consequence of our extensive marketing policies. The first years growth rate being only 12. 65% percent, we had to draw losses in every month. The econd year, the yearly growth rate we have assumed will be 12. 68% owing to the steady growth rate every month. And third year we expect a growth rate of 16% approximately. For our cost of goods sold, we presumed forty percent (40%) of our sales and we counted our sales discount to be 2. 5%. Another variable cost is sales commission of one percent (1%) of sales which is categorized as selling expenses. Fixed costs include both selling and administrative expenses. Selling expenses include store salaries of BDT. 20,000 per month, rent of BDT. 50,000 per month, advertising expenses of BDT. 5,000 per month, utility of BDT. 5,000 per month and depreciation expenses of BDT. 250 per month. The administrative fixed costs populate of salaries which is monthly BDT. 10,000, utility monthly 2,000, insurance monthly BDT. 2,000 and depreciation expenses of BDT. 200 per month. We expect to reach the break even in 6. 62 years and we have shown income statements for 10 years just for getting an idea of the net income in following years. Sensitivity We have shown sensitivity analysis changing the sales tax income by five percent in both directions.For polish off case scenario with 5% downfall in sales, our net loss in first year will rise by more than BDT. 70,000. In the most likely case, we also incur a loss of B DT. 105,000 approximately and best case scenarios with 5% sales increment, net profit will be almost BDT. 33,000. For 2nd year, most likely case scenario will produce a profit of BDT. 342,566 and worst case scenario will produce profit of BDT. 155,858. But, the best case scenario will generate less net income than most likely case because of tax rules. The tertiary year most likely case will see us earn a net income of BDT. 04,398. We have also assumed the worst case and best cases and if that happens we will have net income of BDT 508,314 and BDT 700,483 respectively. Cash-Flow Statement Cash flow statement is the way of constructing the cash inflows and outflows according to type of activities such as operating, spend and financing activities. It gives us the idea about if the company will be profitable over the years by generating sufficient cash and if it will be able to pay off its debt. We have done cash flow statements for 8 years and those will be included in the appendice s.For our cash flows, we followed direct method starting with the operating activities which includes inflow from sales revenue and outflows from different expenses like cash paid to suppliers, salaries expenses, rent expenses, sales commission, advertising expenses etc. in investing activities, outflows includes BDT. 10,000,000 of purchasing of assets, other investment of BDT. 1,000,000 and purchasing of contract of rent BDT. 1,000,000 and there are no inflows. Financing activities has inflows form loan and possessors investment worth BDT. 8,000,000 and BDT. 7,000,000 respectively.Cash outflows from financing includes loan payment of BDT. 171,438 per month. The payment of installment continues till year 7 when we paid off our debt. Our total cash flow will be negative till year 4, first quarter and since then its uprising. But we well-kept a cash balance from the beginning generated from loan which will see us through these periods. From first year, our cash balance is reduced to BDT. 2,004,607 from BDT. 2,910,411 which is the starting balance of the first month. Second year it is reduce to BDT. 1,398,301 and by the end of year three the cash balance will be BDT. 20,853. Sensitivity The sensitivity analysis of every year attached to appendices will show how much the expected cash flows can differ when we consider worst possible and best possible cases. The first years best case is likely to reduce the outflows by about BDT. 120,000 but the worst scenario will increase outflows by about BDT. 117,000. the second and third years sensitivity analysis shows the same effect reducing or increasing the cash outflows in best and worst cases respectively. Balance Sheet Our balance sheet shows how much the venture capitalistic can depend on our business.In the balance sheet we tried to figure out the total asset each year as the first objective of a business is to maximize the value of its assets. We also showed if the assets matched the liabilities. Our total assets i ncluded cash, inventories, receivables, other current assets categorized as current assets and long term assets consists of non current assets, accumulated depreciation etc. Current liabilities are payables, short term debt and others while non current liabilities are long term debt and others and these two makes up the liabilities part. Equity has only common equity invested by the owners.For most of these items, we tried to maintain a specific percentage of sales such as for inventories, we maintained 20. 69% of sales, 40. 14% of sales as short term debt etc because we know these items are vulnerable to the change of sales and move in the same direction. Our first years total assets are BDT. 17,350,008 while the next two years it went down to BDT. 16,912,962 and BDT. 16,623,039. This can be associated with the increment in negative cash flows or increase in outflows. But its uprising from then as we expect it to rise as high as BDT. 5,481,609 in octet years. A significant change occurs in year seven as we reach break even our total assets rises from about 20 million to above 24. 5 million. This is because of the rise in cash balance that year after recuperating the total investment. Sensitivity By changing the sales by 5% positively and negatively, we found out the best and worst case scenarios which can contribute to the change of our total assets. Again, as we are looking to maximize the value of our assets, we have to be conscious about what the best and worst situations can do to our business.For the first two years, the worst case scenario doesnt do much molest as the reductions in total assets are by about BDT. 50,000 from the most likely scenarios BDT. 17,292,408 in first year and BDT. 16,846,620 in second year. While the best case scenarios in the first two years see our total assets to rise to BDT. 17,407,482 and BDT. 16,979,158. The third year the change about BDT. 75,000 in both cases as the best case scenario puts our total assets to BDT. 16,69 8,871 and the worst case to BDT. 16,547,041. For al these time, the increases and decreases in total assets are backed by the retained earnings portion of owners equity.Breakeven Pay Back Initial investiture -15,000,000. 00 Year 1 1,061,866. 91 -13,938,133. 09 Year 2 1,450,954. 8 -12,487,178. 20 Year 3 1,739,046. 20 -10,748,132. 00 Year 4 2,119,043. 11 -8,629,088. 89 Year 5 2,667,444. 37 -5,961,644. 52 Year 6 3,328,314. 32 -2,633,330. 20 Year 7 4,203,767. 76 ,570,437. 55 Year 8 4,366,613. 47 5,937,051. 02 11,517. 17 228. 6438216 0. 26421429 Pay back in years 6. 626421429 Exit Strategy Our ongoing business is Musical instrument dealership. Our exit strategy is a mixture of liquidation and our own strategy. First we will liquidate some percentage of our assets. We are planning to sell those underperforming assets at a lower price and we will also invest some additional capital to establish a diversified service line. This will be actually a recording studio as we are planning to seize the opportunity created by lack of recording studio in Bangladesh. We are planning to open a recording studio which will contribute to the uprising music scenario in Bangladesh. Due to lack of quality music studios, we believe our exit plan from musical instrument dealership to recording studio will shift our position from decay to a growing stage in company life cycle. It will be our long term plan because we do not want to loose the face value of the product. Initial Investment Rent (4 months)= Tk. 200,000 Equipments (Estimated Average per unit) Electric Guitar(5*30,000) 150,000 Bass Guitar(5*30,000) 150,000 Acoustic Guitar(20*3000) 60,000 Piano(2*100,000) 200,000 Keyboard(10*20,000) 200,000 Drums(5*30,000) 150,000 Mixer(3*50,000) 150,000 Microphone(5*10,000) 50,000 Processor(5*20,000) 100,000 Accessories(Strings, Cables, Tuners etc) 90,0000 Other Equipments 100,000 Total 1,400,000 Estim ated Initial Marketing Cost=300,000 Furniture=100,000 Reserve For Cash Requirements=3,000,000 Dealership Cost=10,000,000 Total Initial Investment=15,000,000 ConclusionWe have worked on this business plan for the last three months and gathered all the related information about the music industry. After analyzing all the data we have came up with the idea investing in this business can be really challenging but profitable. If we can survive through the initial trouble we can diversify our business by investing in different regions of Bangladesh. In the era of discourse people are very fond of the creative ideas and we believe our business is creative and unique enough to attract the potential customers. Reference www. google. com www. yahoo. com acct. tamu. edu/smith/acctwebs. htm Haque, Akkas & Ashif (2008) deuce-ace taxes of Bangladesh

Gabriel Oak Essay

Thomas Hardy wrote the characters of Bathsheba Everdene and can Robin with specific attributes and details. Both women rich person similarities and dissimilitudes that either directly influence each other(a) or other characters. The squ are-toed kinsperson system in the 1870s (which is where Far from the Madding crowd is based) had four distinct classes. Two of those were the upper working class and the lower working class. Bathsheba would have likely become upper working or middle, when she inherited the farm.We can see that Bathsheba regards herself as being higher up in the social order, from the for the first time time we see her in the book, by the way she treats Gabriel Oak. (QUOTE (Gabriel Oak giving her money for the gate). ) This expresses her individuality and the way she respects those in a lower class to her, or those she wishes to impress her social stature on. The nobility in the 1870s didnt mix with those lower than them, although they did have responsibility f or their workers. For authority, when base Robin goes missing, Bathsheba is up circumscribe(a) and concerned a lash out her whereabouts. (QUOTE. Bathsheba asking everyone to keep an eye out for Fanny).Bathsheba has dark hair and bold clothes which represents her personality. As she highlights herself as bold and dark end-to-end the book (QUOTE). This is in stark contrast to Fanny Robin, who has yellow hair and (QUOTE to describe her appearance). This attire is that of a poor muliebrity and shows that she, aswell as not being able to afford rich clothing, does not have as much esteem as Bathsheba. I think Hardy makes this contrast to show the difference in class and the fact that women are not all the same. (As many men assumed in the 1870s) A strong contrast between Bathsheba and Fanny is highlighted at the beginning of the book.As there is a social hierarchy between the mistress (Bathsheba) and the maid (Fanny) in all households. Bathsheba and Fanny both worked fleshy for a living. They were both pushed into situations where they were fighting in the wrong class and the wrong sex. For instance Bathsheba inherited a farm and money and had to purport herself as a man at the farmers market. (QUOTE of Bathsheba being at the market) Fanny Robin saw herself becoming the wife of an officer therefore moving herself up in the hierarchy. The Victorian Farming industry was male dominated and therefore Bathsheba was entering a traditionally male world.This allowed her to develop her character from an unpractised girl of Norcombe to a manage and cool woman. This was noted by Gabriel Oak, who throughout the book acts as another pair of eyes, through which we can see Bathsheba. He speaks of her truthfully and helps the consultation understand her and what she is doing. Bathsheba takes on the farming duties because she doesnt want yo fail and is constantly trying to impress herself. Whereas Fanny seems to be desperate just to survive. She was picking up a living of seampstering. By saying picking up I feel that Hardy is trying to express her need to simply get by. besides in the time that this book was written, seampstering was known to be a tough trade, which was very poorly paid, and not a line of work to take up unless it was the last resort. Fannys actions contrast Bathshebas will, not to survive, but to impress. I dont think Bathsheba would have allowed herself to be in such a position to have to take up seampstering, as she had too much pride and many more resources socially. Fanny Robin fits into the 1870s conventions a great deal better than Bathsheba does. I think that this can be related to their childhood and parentage.Convention in the 1870s was very much about women being seen and not heard. It was frowned upon for a woman to converse with strange men. Bathsheba broke this rule as soon as she met sergeant Troy, as she spoke to him and interacted sort of of quickly leaving after she was untangled. (QUOTE. Bathsheba meeting Troy a nd flirting). A woman should always have used a soft voice. Fanny Robin was pictured as a very quiet woman, and many of the local townsfolk described her as (QUOTE. Her quietness). Bathsheba, however, was very vocal and was able to take charge. For instance, when she took over duties as the bailiff.A woman was never expected to ask anything of a man in the 1870s. Neither Fanny nor Bathsheba fitted this rule totally. In some respects Fanny did, she was very grateful to Gabriel for his help, and wrote a letter of thanks to him (QUOTE. Fannys letter). In other situations Fanny was not as respectable, for instance, she pushed Troy until he at long last set a date for their wedding, instead of waiting for him to make his choice. Bathsheba also defies convention when she doesnt thank Gabriel for paying her toll. This shows that she expects Gabriel to do it anyway, and considers herself higher than him.A woman was not to get onto a carriage or a horse. (QUOTE. Of Bathsheba riding horse al one). When Bathsheba rides alone and is, unbeknown to her, seen by Gabriel, she defies all convention. Even if she was alone, a mean(prenominal) Victorian woman would never take the same actions as Bathsheba. Fanny fits almost all convention, and is submissive to men. She would have been a model Victorian woman. This is in contrast to Bathsheba who simply had too much character to be a Victorian woman. For instance she travelled all the way to Bath, on her own, to find Troy. Which in the 1870s would have been unheard of.Bathshebas parents were not typical of the Victorian era. The father himself was (QUOTE. To describe Bathshebas father. ) He had to pretend that he was single so that he didnt have commit adultery to his wife. From this open and modern family, Bathsheba couldnt have been expected to be typical and average. From her parentage she is bold and probably taught not to fit in. Fanny Robin, however, was looked after financially by Boldwood. She was very much closed as a ch ild. The simple fact that she didnt have a strong upbringing implies that she may not have a strong life, or character.The two womens views on marriage are possibly one of the strongest differences between their characters. Bathsheba is quoted to have said I hate to be thought mens property in that way when Gabriel asks her to marry him. This reflects her individuality and a slight insecurity about being tied down with another man. Perhaps because she doesnt know what is round the next corner, and doesnt want to have to be with her husband forever. Fanny Robin was very keen to marry Troy and when she finally had her date set she wrote a letter to Gabriel Oak saying I am happy to say I am going to be married This simple judgment of conviction shows the little girl inside Fanny. (That is shown many times during the book). This also shows another contrast between Bathsheba and Fanny. Bathsheba appears to be very much more mature than Fanny. For instance she doesnt like to cry (QUOTE. Bathsheba holding back tears). The rustic characters in Far from the Madding crowd act as narrators throughout the book. They are the comic informality for the audience, and contrast the other characters by having a common view on people like Bathsheba and her family. The other characters such as Liddy, Bathshebas maid, see her as almighty womanish.

How To Lose Weight Essay

Losing weight is a battle that many people struggle with at some point in their loves because most of them argon non satisfied with there currently weight. The first and most important thing we have to understand is how we shadower lose weight in a healthy way without hurting our body. There atomic number 18 many ways we can lose weight but if we do not take the correct means to weight loss, ultimately we can fail and end up gaining all the weight back. Learning the correct way to diet is the first cadence to puddle this finishing. As we all know, our body needs the proper nutrition because without it we will not have the energy we need and it will be impossible to live a healthy life however, if we take in more calories than our body requires the rest will change to fat so we need to burn the free more calories.For example, instead of having high calorie afternoon like coke we can replace it with water or we can feel full by eat vegetable or salad instead of eat oily food. Avoiding eating when we are sad, angry or bored is very useful because our emotional are related to our eating habit, but only diet is not enough to lose weight it takes too ofttimes time. The second and most effective step is exercising. Have routine schedule work out will help us to lose weight faster than anytime. Swimming, cycling and cardio have very effectiveness. How much we need exercise and how we should do that is another important things.We must start with light exercise schedule and increase it step by step. Because injury and boredom are two common things that stop us with wrong exercising. According to the many scientists exercising has more benefits than the other ways and it will help us to increase our self-confidence, reduce stress and gain mobility. So we will be on shape if exercising becomes part of our daily life. In conclusion we can lose our weight in many ways which some of them will hurt our body like with a variety of medicament and pills and some of th em are really works like dieting and exercising because most successful way to losing way comes from healthy food and exercising. Anyhow we will reach our goal if do it rightly and do not give up easily.

The Gospel of Luke

The Gospel of Luke analogous the other trine Gospels depicts the life, teachings, dying and the resurrection of messiah of Nazareth. This is the largest of the four Gospels. The Gospel opens with a salutation to Theophilus and go on to tell the story of the appearance of apotheosis Gabriel to Zachariah, whose wife Elizabeth did non have the ability to bear a child. The Angel announces to Zachariah that his wife will bear a child and that he will bring indorse some(prenominal) mint of Israel to the overlord their God. He will go as Gods messenger, wet and mighty standardized the prophet Elijah.He will bring fathers and children again he will manoeuvre the disobedient people back to the way of thinking of the righteous he will get the victors people ready for him. The dumb founded Zachariah could not believe the words of the Angel Gabriel. Zachariah was spending a long time in the temple and when he came out he could not speak. He was penalize with the dumbness till th e miracle was realized by him. People knew that he had seen a vision in the Temple since he was making signs to them with his hands and unable to assert a word.Gabriel then appears before Mary, who was promised in espousals to Joseph and proclaims that the Holy Spirit will come on her and she will give birth to a bewitchword who is to be named Jesus. He adds that He will be great and will be called the Son of the some High God and that the Lord God will make him a king, as his ancestor David was, and he will be the king of the descendants of Jacob for ever and his kingdom will never end. after a few months Mary visited her cousin Elizabeth, and when Mary greeted her, the baby in Elizabeths womb jumped with rejoicing.In due course Elizabeth gave birth to a baby boy and he was circumcised and named John. Zachariah regained his speech at that time, as he was filled with the Holly Spirit. The baby grew up into John the Baptist. Joseph and Mary went to Becklehem to register their n ames for the numerate and seted by Emperor Augustus. There Mary gave birth to Jesus and laid him in the manger. An Angel announced the birth of Christ to the shepherds. The shepherds visited the Holy Baby and afford the word around. The baby was named Jesus, as preordained, was circumcised, and was taken for the ceremony of purification.There Simeon, a God-fearing man, filled with Holy Spirit, held the baby in his hand and praised the Lord for bringing glory to the people of Israel. When Jesus was twelve years old his parents took him for the Passover ceremony as usual, just now that year he did not re delve with his parents, and stayed back in the temple, with the Jewish teachers listening carefully, and asking ingenious questions. Jesus grew into a boy of great wisdom. While Herod was the ruler of Galilee, John the Baptist was appealing to the people to turn away from their sins and to get baptized.He also preached the total News that one much greater than him is coming to baptize them with the Holy Spirit. He also spoke critically of Governor Herod and subsequently became imprisoned. When Jesus was close thirty years old the power of the Holy Spirit started radiating from him very powerfully and he was revered and praised by all. The Devil tried his level best to tempt Jesus through m any tricks, but Jesus did not succumb to any of the tricks. But when Jesus went to Nazareth to read from the scriptures, He was not appreciated there.There is a utter that the darkest place is under the candle. Nazareth was the place where Jesus had been brought up. Yet people failed to recognize the Holy Spirit emanating from Him. The power embedded in Jesus started performing miracles. At Capernaum, a town in Galilee, He drove away the evil Spirit that had possessed a man. He reanimated the high fever of Simons mother-in-law. Learning about His miraculous powers, sick people started flocking to Jesus. A touch by his hand cured every one of them. He cured a leper o f his leprosy. once a paralyse man was carried on a bed and brought to Jesus.He told the man that your sins are forgiven you, my booster dose. The listeners were puzzled by this, thinking that only god can forgive sins. They thought Jesus was impersonating God. The paralyzed man walked back home. Jesus was unconventional in many of his acts. He kept company with outcasts, support and eating on Sabbath days, and even cured the crippled hand of a man on a Sabbath day. Gradually anger hatred and fear started building up against Jesus among the Pharisees and the teachers of law. Jesus went on heal and teaching the people who flocked to him.He even breathed life into a dead man. He sensible the poor and the sorrow-stricken that there is a great reward awaiting them in Heaven. He taught them to shun violence. He spread the gospel of love. He warned people against judging others. Through powerful parables Jesus started driving great ideas into the minds of the people. As time passed, the number of miracles performed by the spiritual power of Jesus grew unbelievably. The fisherman who could not net any fish in spite of a hard days labor, caught netfuls of fish at the order of Jesus.A mob of evil spirits had been driven away from a possessed man into a group of swine. He calmed a storm in the ocean with a single command. A cleaning lady who had been sick for twelve days touched the robe of Jesus and got cured instantly. He raised from death the daughter of Jairus. Once He fed a crowd of fiver thousand with just five loaves of bread and two fish. Jesus had gathered His disciples from among the fisherman. He gave them power and authority to drive out demons and to cure diseases. In due course of time He told His disciples about His impending death and resurrection.He recruited to a greater extent disciples and sent seventy two of them to different towns with the message of Gods love. To the skeptical teacher of law, He gave the parable of the Good Samaritan. He adv ised the Pharisees to keep their minds clean and worthy. He even told them that they are like unmarked graves which people walk on without knowing it. When one of the teachers of the law protested saying that Jesus was insulting them, Jesus accused them of holding the keys to the house of knowledge, neither themselves going in, nor allowing anybody else to go in. This infuriated the teachers and they cute to wreak vengeance on Him.In the meanwhile Jesus went on enriching the peoples minds through the parables of the Yeast, Mustard Seed, the destine Door, the Unfruitful Tree, Faithful and the Unfaithful Servant, the Great Feast, Worthless Salt, the Lost Sheep and many more. His healing miracles continued as ever. He taught the people that the kingdom of God is within themselves. He reminded them that it is harder for a rich man to destroy the Kingdom of God than for a camel to go through the eye of the needle. Jesus drove the merchants from the Temple, and warned people to watch out for the Teachers of Law who take advantage of the weak.They wanted to kill Jesus and finally Judas under the fiends influence agreed to betray Christ. During the Feast of the Unleavened Bread, Jesus broke the bread and gave it to His disciples saying that it was His body, and gave them the wine as new covenant sealed with His blood. He added that the one who betrays me is here at the defer with me. Jesus also predicted the denial of Peter. Jesus was arrested after being kissed and identified by Judas, and Peter three times denied knowledge of Him, as predicted by Jesus.The elders of the Jews, the teachers and the Chief Priests asked Him if He was the Son of God and He answered you say that I am . For claiming Himself to be God, they decided to punish Him and took Him to Pilate. Pilate sent for Herod. Pilate told the crowd that he did not go out Jesus guilty, but the crowd shouted that Jesus must be killed. He was nailed on the skip over along with two criminals. At Jesus death, noon turned into darkness, and the curtain in the Temple toroid into two. His body was received by Joseph of Arimathea and some ladies who were with him and He was buried.But the third day Jesus resurrected, as He had foretold earlier. Jesus later appeared before His disciples and then was taken into heaven. Conclusion The word Gospel literally means Good News. But the Gospels in the Bible are more than Good News. They belong to the genre of biography and historiography. As biography it races the birth, growth, crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus. As historiography it draws a continuous reap from the scriptures, from Abraham, through Moses, David, and Isaiah to the age of Jesus. The gospel of St. Luke, from another perspective, is the exposition of God. Its power as scripture is simply unique.

How groups can influence people Essay

In this essay, I am going to describe how meetings can influence populate in a positive and in a negative miens. I will be employ evidence drawn from Chapter 5 of the study text Starting with psychology Spoors et al (2011). It is in a human nature to be a part of a social grouping. Belonging to a group, such(prenominal) as family, clubs, sport teams or group of friends, give us support, it make us liveliness intimately about ourselves, give us a sense of social identity. It brings meaning to our life, it make us feel like we belong. However, being a part of a group can also have a negative effect. Group pressure can cause us to behave in a way that we will not normally do. To support my argument I will use as an voice evidence from Kondos story and as well Zimbardo and Asch trys (Spoors et al 2011). In our life-time, we belong to many opposite social groups. Our social identity is based on the group we belong to, we enhance the status of our group in order to increase our self-image.We divide the world into batch like us, who belong to our group, called the in-group, and those iodin who ar different them, the out-group (Spoors et al 2011). Two psychologists Henri Tajfel and John Turner developed that theory. The theory argues that there are lead mental processes involved in evaluating some others as them and us the first one is a social categorisation. We categorize other people and ourselves in order to understand and identify them. The second process is a social identification. When we know which group we belong to, we start behaving by the norms of our group. The last process is social comparison. aft(prenominal) we categorize ourselves with a group, we start to canvas our group with other groups. To maintain our self-esteem we will compare our group favourably with other groups. An experiment carried out by Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues (1971) Spoors et al (2011) provides evidence how people demeanour can change when they become a pa rt of a group.They choose randomly a group of male participants and divide them into guards and prisoners and then located them in a simulated prison. After six days, the experiment had to be stopped, as the guards became brutal and abusive towards prisoners, and the prisoners begun suffering from emotional disturbance. This experiment shows how the previous perceptions that the participants have of the theatrical role of a prisonguards and prisoners, that probably came from watching films and television programs, influenced them to behave in a negative way. other example of how groups can influence our behaviour is experiment carried out by Solomon Asch (Spoors et al 2011). He asked cubic decimeter participants to look at the picture of a straight line, and then showed them another picture with a three more lines of different spaces. Then he asked the participants to identify out loud the line that is the same length as the original one.Surprisingly 75 per cent of the group giv e a wrong cause, which was a result of a group pressure. People have the need for conformity that is why they go on with the norms of the groups. They want to be accepted as an in-group person. Conforming to group norms is sending a message to the other members of the group that I am not a thread, I am same like you, and I am following our rules. Asches experiment showed that the need for conformity pressured participants to give a wrong answer to a question they just simply followed the rest of the group. An example of how group can influence us on a positive way is Kondos story in Spoors et al (2011). Dorinne Kondo is a Nipponese American, raised in the USA. She went to Japan to do an anthropological research. She stays there for 26 months, a few months she stays with a Japanese family to learn how proper Japanese women supposed to behave and present herself. At the same time, she was subprograming as a scientific observer.That is a method of research called participant-observ ation, where the researcher is both(prenominal) an observer and a participant (Spoors et al 2011). The first few months in Japan were very stressful for Knodo she did not understand the etiquette and traditions that are part of their everyday life. Every time she made a mistake, people trait her like she was retarded or insane. They were confused, as she looked like a Japanese women but she did not act in a Japanese manner. During her visit in Japan, her guarantor introduced her to Mrs Sakamoto who invited her to stay with her family for summer. It was a big(p) opportunity for Kondo to learn about the traditions. During her visit she was trying to conform to their way of life, she wanted to feel their acceptance, so she start learning about her Japanese roots and proper etiquette, she took a part in a tea ceremony class.At the end of her visit in Japan, she was pleased with herself and all she have larn during her visit. She did not struggle any more to fit in both cultures, the approval of Sakamotos family had a good influence on her, it makes her feellike she belong to their world. Kondos story demonstrates that in our lifetime we have multiple social identities, which continue to evolve as we grow older or when we scat into new situations Spoors et al (2011).In those few examples, I was exploring how groups can influence people in a positive and negative ways. Positively, by providing us a sense of belonging to the social world and bringing meaning to our life, as shown on an example of Kondos story, and negatively by pressuring us to conform and act out of character, what confirm an Zimbardos and Asches experiments.

Buddhism: Religion or Philosophy?

Whether or not Buddhism is a piety revolves around the contestation of whether or not it is a philosophy instead. This presents myriad problems of logic, as even the definitions of faith and philosophy are themselves a point of contestation. There is the school of ruling that defines religion as a belief system, a firm ascription to a set of rules and utmost truths that thereof make religion of whatever kind dogmatic. To use this definition is to make Buddhism anything entirely a religion, as Buddhism essentially discourages any sense of rigidity in any belief system.It even does not propose the supremacy of its own doctrines the 4 noble truths, the 5 Skandhas, the eight-fold path. There are no parameters. The other thought line on religion defines it as a search for transcendence a quest for an existence, innovation and authority higher than peerlessself, as advocated by the analogouss of Karen Armstrong. In this sense, Buddhism is a religion because it seeks to bring tho se who practice it to a new, profound identification of themselves and the world around them to see the world as it is, which is the Buddhist idea of realization.This probably explains why there are quite a number of brands of Buddhism. Still, others wonder why anyone should be distinguishing between religion and philosophy. According to some, this distinction is a fairly new phenomenon, as recent as the 18th century. Throughout history, it is argued, philosophy and religion have been intertwined take Platos Euthyphro for example. In it, the virtue of piety is inextricably argued from a standpoint of what the gods believe is right or wrong, even though the whole address follows logic.Similar observations can be made in the Epistles of Apostle Paul in the New Testament. Distinguishing the two, it is said, betrays our own biases rather than clarifies things. bigotry v. Reason In following up on the more popular definition of religion world a set of beliefs, and therefore inherentl y dogmatic, religion has been criticized as being irrational that one is involve to have faith in absolute truths that not only make little sense to him, but provide no means through which they can be proven factual or otherwise.I this sense, religion is superstitious and irrational, throwing a spanner into attempts at objective human reasoning. Religions after all, have been the source of the superlative conflicts in world history, more fierce than quests for imperialism or economic dominance. In contrast to religion by popular definition, Buddhism encourages objective discourse through reason in a quest for truth, i. e. it is philosophy, just akin Plato and Aristotle practiced it.This is however complicated by the fact that while some brands of Buddhism, such as Zen, do not ascribe to a deity, others actually do have absolute truths. But then once more this might only fuel the argument that it is not a religion, seeing as there is no unifying commonality as is common in other religions Christ in Christianity, Mohammad in Islam, etcetera Mysticism Allowing someone to find their own truth wherever they will is to tell them that whatever room will take you to your destination, and most Buddhist practices have inevitably ended up in mysticism.Hence, when one asks what Buddhism is, in many cases they are told that they have to experience it, as words cannot sufficiently explain it. This peculiarity is inherently religious rather than philosophical. In the latter, one must be unambiguous, while in the former, things like faith, revelation and prophecy are cornerstones. Being mystical, therefore gives Buddhism the appearance of religion rather than philosophy. All in all, I guess Buddhism is what one makes it.