Culture group presentation (American Indian) Essay

Culture group presentation (American Indian) - Essay Example All this contributes to the manner in which in which one would regard his or her profession and make contribution towards richness of the culture and profession. These cultural characteristics are easily observed in a day to day task is carried on by an individual as well. In a country like India, in medical profession, especially doctors are considered to be miracle workers. The trust on the medical profession is immense. Along with the medical training the doctors receive, it is expected that the doctors would be empathetic and compassionate towards the patient whom they are treating with their knowledge. Both these qualities come naturally in the Indian race. Making elderly patients feel comfortable in the dispensary, for ex: giving them a hand while they climb up and down the hospital cots, talking to them to quiet their fears, helping their relatives, will all have a basic element of treating the elders with respect and love which is taught to Indians since their childhood. This factor will be absolutely evident in the manner in which the Indian doctors will treat their patients. Another different characteristic of Indian psychology will be turning to alternative medicine rather than allopathic medicines. Indian traditional medicine also believes in the well being of a person, that is the spiritual, physical and psychological balance of a human being. The harmony in these three factors contributes to the healthy life of a human immensely. Hence the western medicine is also increasingly tilting towards meditation and yoga. Doctor scientist such as Dean Ornish has effectively used Indian therapies in his famous experiment of reversing heart disease and leading a healthy and balanced life. It is not only about homeopathic medicines but also about naturopathic or ayurvedic medicines which people have been taking without any medical consultation and trusting them. Medicinal property ingredients

How a Christian might apply their beliefs Essay Example for Free

How a Christian might apply their beliefs Essay In this, my second piece of coursework I will be looking at how a Christian might apply the beliefs that I just outlined in A01 and will refer to specific situations of conflict to illustrate this. A Christian could apply the beliefs I recently mentioned in A01 through all different means. The most recent event of late to do with war conflict is the Iraq war. Saddam Hussian we were told and could see was not a particularly pleasant man. I heard in papers and through television what he was doing to people and how he treated them. As Christians then in one point of view from the Sermon on the Mount we should forgive this man for his wrong doings and let him repent his own sins. This belief of forgiveness decelerates that should he recognise his wrongs and change his behaviour he could then be forgiven of his previous sins. Unfortunately Saddam was tolerant of the pain and suffering caused under his regime and unwilling to recognise a need to change his behaviour. However once captured Saddam was not subjected to the torture that he imposed but treated in a Christian and humane manner. Though as the passage states we should still maintain our Christian values and be forgiving, `to turn the other cheek`. An issue closer to home regarding conflict and Christianity is the fighting in Northern Ireland regarding the Catholics and Protestants. The two communities are constantly at war with one another over their faiths and in doing so are abandoning the core values of their religions. These two sets of people are following the `eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth`, way of dealing with their problems and issues, which has proven itself through twenty years of conflict to be ineffective and destructive. As again the passage from the Sermon on the Mount comes into effect and the two sides should realise that when a person of one side is killed they should not seek revenge and to kill, but to `live and let live`. Then this may result in an end to the violence and tragedies that are so often occurring. In the other effect towards Saddam Hussian issues we as Christians could most notice the quote of `An eye for and eye and a tooth for tooth`, from the Old Testament and do to Saddam the horrific things that we hear of him doing. Not many Christians, today I believe see this way of dealing with things. More to the point would not be really able as out generation of law and order would just not allow it. When people saw Saddam Hussian damaging an empire and country most I would have believed that they were angry and human instinct gets the better of belief. It is a natural feeling to become angry and upset with something or somebody. And this combining with believing that it is right to acknowledge the passage from the Old Testament results in terrible effects to peoples lives. Also this relates to the Wars going on around Northern Ireland. The two religions are constantly battling each other. We have seen the results of this situation and there is no justice to the trauma and deaths that are carried out.

On socialism :: essays research papers

Quod Apostolici Muneris (On Socialism): Reflection Summary of Content This article condemns socialism as anti Christian philosophy. From beginning to end, its hateful tone and description of socialism does not change. In the first paragraph, it already denounces socialism as a deadly plague creeping into society. Later, it ends with calling socialism a step into wickedness. Most concerning about socialism is condemning of two things. First, the Church (or so the article claims) was built on the inequality of men. Hence, socialism creates chaos because people refuse to obey higher power. This, to the church’s eye, is dangerous because it destroys God’s natural order. As well, socialism permitting divorces is not viewed pleasantly by the Church. Divorcing, the article states, is not permitted even in barbarous people (keep in mind the date at which this article was written). In eyes of the Church at the time, socialists are regarded lower than even barbarous people are. Questions On the Article: 1) Why is it that socialism is condemned in the Church’s eye since in Heaven, there is not supposed to be any ownership of property? 2) Why is it that the church seems to promote the inequality of men? Is that not contradictory to the Bible stating that all people are made in the image of God. 3) What is the reason that the Church forbids divorcing? Objective Conclusion It is evident that socialism is evil in the eyes of the Church. The church correctly claims that socialism cannot create the Utopia it promises. Most people in socialist nations are not happy. As seen in histories of China and Russia under a communist government, socialism creates tyrannical governments where civilians are lazy and unmotivated. Such is not someone beautiful in the Church’s eyes. Reflection/Subjective Reactions â€Å"Defile the flesh, despise dominion and blaspheme majesty† (POPE LEO XIII, 1878, 1); â€Å"Quod Apostolici Muneris (On Socialism)’s condemnation is devastating, and seem unfit for a social system created to imitate heaven; now, no longer are the poor oppressed and social inequality plaguing its unfortunate victims. Through invoking language, â€Å"Quod Apostolici Muneris (On Socialism) contrasts everything socialism represents with God’s will. From God’s marriage to church and â€Å"natural law†, it condemns socialism as â€Å"deadly plague that creeps into the very fibers of human† (POPE LEO XIII, 1878, 1). Unfortunately, the presented arguments victimize socialism more than to reveal its evils. The language, though full of powerful words, holds empty of evidence to justify the claim.

People Who Changed the World

Nelson Mandela was born July 18, 1918 in Mutate, Transfer, South Africa to the chief of Moved, and after his father's death when he was only nine years old, he was raised by the powerful ruler of the Themes Tribe, Contacting Delineated (Book, 2009). His thoughts were organized and disciplined by his father and guardian, who groomed him to someday be chief. It was not by mere chance that Nelson Mandela became the president of South Africa (Book, 2009). Mandela was wise for his years, he dreamed of democracy for his people. He was educated earning a BAA degree in 1942 at University of South Africa.At the University of Watersides he worked on his law degree. Mandela and colleague, Oliver Tomb started South Africans first Black law firm (Book, 2009). Mandela fought tirelessly for the liberation of South Africa. In 1948 Apartheid became the official law of the land in South Africa. Each nationality in South Africa had to live in a separate geographic location, interracial marriage was not allowed, and South Africans had to be registered according to their race (Book, 2009). Mandela arranged a campaign to alleviate the dishonest laws.Charges of treason led him to prison and confinement on several occasions (Book, 2009). The Arriving Trial of 1964 became known all around the world. Mandela again charged with treason but, this time sentenced to life in prison with no chance of parole. Appeals for clemency came to South Africa from abroad and the New York Times editorialist the trial charging the government as the guilty party (Book, 2009). However, for the next eighteen years Mandela was restricted to a maximum security prison on Robber Island off the coast of South Africa.Prison was a mere hindrance for Mandela. His conviction to bring about change grew stronger. He led political study groups and put together Judicial appeals or other inmates while he himself was serving a life sentence (Book, 2009). The violence in South Africa was overwhelming and rampant throughout , killing many innocent women and children. In 1980, with strong suggestion from the NC, a campaign was set in motion by the Johannesburg newspaper to free Mandela (Book, 2009). A petition was drafted which thousands of people willingly signed to demand Mandela's freedom.Mandela was held in high regard, the brave representative of Black South African' fight for freedom (Book, 2009). In 1982 Poolrooms Maximum Security Prison became Mandela's next house of horror. The youth of black South Africans gained recognition and compassion from abroad and the government's rising international criticism of its laws had to be addressed (Book, 2009). In 1985 President Booth's attitude changed, Mandela was involved in secret government meetings. Meetings with the minister of Justice, Kebob Cosset were important and beneficial and led to a more promising future for Mandela and South Africa.February 1 1, 1990 Mandela was released from prison (Book, 2009). Months later Mandela set out on a world tour throughout North America and Europe. He was welcomed as a hero and world leader. In Great Britain he met with Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. In the US he had discussions with President George H. W. Bush (Book, 2009). In 1991 Apartheid was no more, South Africa became a truly democratic, nonracial government. In 1993, Mandela and F. W. Clerk were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for the peaceful termination of the Apartheid regime (Book, 2009).Also in 1993 another milestone was reached all South Africans were allowed to vote April 24, 1994. Mandela was elected first Black President in South Africa, he served from 1994 to 1999. Mandela and the government of national unity developed a program that testified blacks and attracted investments from abroad. In 1996 Mandela signed a new South African Constitution into law. The document made the government stronger, guaranteed expressions of freedom and minority rights. The lifelong dream of President Mandela was realized (Book, 2009).Mandel a continued to serve South Africa after he was no longer president (Book, 2009). He died in his home in Johannesburg December 5, 2013. Dry. Martin Luther King, Jar was an American Pastor, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African- American Civil Rights movement. He was born January, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. Unlike Nelson Mandela, he was nonviolent in his pursuit for civil rights. He fought for civil rights until his assassination April 4, 1968 (Martin Luther King, 2011) He was born Michael King, Jar. To a Baptist minister in rural Georgia.Michael King, Sir. Adopted the name in honor of the German Protestant religious leader Martin Luther, which he later followed suit (Martin Luther King, 2011). Martin Luther King had a religious upbringing. His father and grandfather were both Baptist ministers. By the time he was 25 years of age he was the pastor at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church and had completed his Ph. D. In 1955 Martin Luther King, 2011). In 1955 The Montgomery Bus Boyco tt of 1955 spearheaded by Dry. King was a demonstration that led to change in the civil rights of black people.Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white man, she was removed from the bus and Jailed. Rosa Parks and 5 other women appeared as ordered, represented by a lawyer, sued the court for segregation on buses (Martin Luther King, 2011). The Montgomery federal court ruled that segregation on buses violated the 14th amendment. The bus boycott came to an end December 1956 and the Supreme Court prohibited segregation on buses (Martin Luther King, 2011). Black people were no longer required to sit on the back of the bus.Also this courageous boycott aided in the dissolution of the Jim Crow Laws. In 1963, Martin Luther King, Jar. And his constituents assembled the famous March on Washington that congregated more than 200,000 people to the Lincoln Memorial. King made his most renowned, â€Å"l Have a Dream,† speech (Martin Luther King, 2011). In effect the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was constructed. The federal government has declared desegregation of public facilities illegal (Martin Luther King, 2011). While it did not resolve all problems of coordination, the law lessened racial restrictions.

Black Cat Discussion Questions

1. From what point of view is Poe’s story told and why is this view particularly effective for this story? The story is being told from a first person narrative point of view. Poe chooses the first person narration to give the reader a better level of understanding of the characters emotion, mental state and setting the plot for the story. With the narrator’s sick and twisted mind, the story becomes more interesting. The most important effect the narrator portrays is his mental state. Without his narration you cannot get the full effect of this murderous madman. The glee at my heart was too strong to be restrained. I burned to say if but one word, by way of triumph, and to render doubly sure their assurance of my guiltlessness† (7). The narrator has no remorse or guilt for killing his wife. For the narrator to say guiltlessness just goes to show how crazy he really became. A normal healthy person would never commit such an act nor have any remorse. 2. Explain how the reader knows the narrator is an unreliable narrator? The narrator’s opinions and actions are so far from normal that you are forced to wonder what is the real interpretation and reality of a madman.Insanity and unstableness are very unreliable sources. How do you know what to believe or if there is any truth behind what they say? â€Å"Mad indeed would I be to expect it, in a case where my very senses reject their own evidence† (1). Using the word expect, is like he is already setting up the reader not to believe what he is going to say. The narrator blames the alcohol for his erratic and violent behavior. How reliable can one be if he blames his actions on drinking? You are your own person and make your own choice regardless of alcohol.Yes, alcohol can be mined altering, but you still no the difference between right and wrong. 3. The murderer takes great precautions to commit the perfect crime. What trips him up? Explain. The narrator makes you believe he has comm itted the perfect murder. He assures the reader that no one can tell the difference in the wall. How the plaster matched perfectly and the bricks look as they had never been dissembled. He is so sure of his work that he believes the police will not even look at him as a suspect. â€Å"The second and the third day passed, and still my tormentor came not.Once again I breathed as a freeman† (6). When the police come back for the fourth time, the narrator speaks about how strong the wall are and making comments. Then he starts hearing the cat that he buried with his wife in the wall. The main cause for the narrator’s trip was his guilt and vein he carried. Nothing ever turns out perfect as planned. Works Cited Poe, Edgar Allan. The Black Cat. N. p. : n. p. , n. d. 7. Print. Poe, Edgar Allan. The Black Cat. N. p. : n. p. , n. d. 1. Print. Poe, Edgar Allan. The Black Cat. N. p. : n. p. , n. d. 6. Print.

Psychology 100 †Community Project

Psychology 100 – Community Project Free Online Research Papers Psych 1100 Community Research Project (Optional Project) The purpose of this project is to familiarize yourself with the role of psychologists. While doing your research, you most likely will be surprised at the number and variety of established services that employ psychologists. You will also learn that as a potential consumer of psychological services, you have the right to ask questions of the service providers. These questions can become important considerations when choosing a particular counselor, therapist, or other service provider. The items below are REQUIRED information when appropriate. number of employees cost of services how are payments made school of thought (perspective) qualifications specific problems dealt with (or specialty areas) length of treatment types of services available hours average length of treatment (short term program/long term program) how to schedule an appointment ability to accommodate people with special needs Your report should also include your impressions of the service provider. Were the people friendly? Were they courteous? Were they willing to talk to you? Did you feel comfortable talking to them? Were they open to your questions? Did you talk directly to the service provider or to the secretary/receptionist? Would you feel comfortable going there for some type of service? How did you obtain the above information and do you feel it was an adequate method of obtaining such information? This information should be included in a 1-2 page typed report. Additionally, you must include some type of proof indicating that you actually contacted a service provider (i.e. brochures etc.) You must address the above items specifically. If the person you talk to doesn’t volunteer the information, it is your responsibility to ask. Refer to your syllabus regarding the due date. Note: Relatives and/or school psychologists or other school staff cannot be interviewed for this project. If you have questions as to whether a certain person is acceptable for this project, see me. Points will be deducted if you do not address all of the items above. Research Papers on Psychology 100 - Community ProjectThe Project Managment Office SystemInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesResearch Process Part OneAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaOpen Architechture a white paperStandardized TestingThree Concepts of PsychodynamicEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenHip-Hop is ArtMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New Employees

Defining corruption Essay Example

Defining corruption Essay Example Defining corruption Essay Defining corruption Essay Introduction to specifying corruptnessTo turn to the inquiry of whether and how corruptness influences the behaviour of agents in environments characterized as irregular warfare, we must foremost set up a clear, concise apprehension of what is corruptness and how irregular warfare is different from more conventional signifiers of struggle. If we accept the statement that corruptness and violent struggle point to the failure of public administration regulation sets ( Andvig, 2008 ) , so the treatment of corruptness and irregular warfare must take topographic point within a administration capacity ( or miss thereof ) model. The bureaucratism is the daily administrative setup of the authorities and if it is unqualified ( or corrupt ) so this strengthens the manus of the insurrectionist ( Galula, 1964 ) .The literature normally defines corruptness as, the maltreatment of public power for private benefit ( Amundsen, 2000 ; Johnson, 1996, 2004, 2005 ; Kurer, 2005 ; Tanzi, 1998, Theobald, 1990 ) . For their intents, the World Bank1 and International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) 2 usage a somewhat modified definition of corruptness: the usage of public office for private gain.3 From this position, corruptness is connected explicitly to the activities of the province, particularly the monopoly and discretional power of the province ( Tanzi, 1998 ) . With regard to irregular warfare, corruptness, in this definition, represents a deficiency of capacity for persons with public authorization to stay within by and large accepted norms of behaviour. This deficiency of capacity suggests that corruptness may act upon and be influenced by violent struggle and, at a lower limit, weaken the legitimacy of the province. Nye ( 1967 ) , for illustration, argued that corruptness represents the private wealth or reputational additions made by an person who deviates from their formal public function.The most common definition of corruptness, nevertheless, is sufficiently equivocal to present measurement jobs. If a public functionary, for illustration, takes action to profit their racial, cultural, tribal, or spiritual group, is this so considered to be a corrupt action, givencorruptness, from others, this is merely good political relations. Is corruptness culturally dependent or make cosmopolitan norms exist for such illicit behaviour? In the undermentioned subdivisions, we draw upon the literatureto specify corruptness and to set up an ontology of corruptness.Specifying corruptnessThe definition of corruptness implicitly assumes a clear differentiation between public and private sectors. The separation between public and private is predicated on a normally held social apprehension ; the bing legislative construction supports this differentiation through Torahs and the judicial construction enforces these Torahs. In many states, particularly those that are go oning to develop, the lines between public and private can go dirty, doing jurisprudence enforcement debatable. Equally much as Nye ( 1967 ) and Andvig ( 2008 ) argue that corruptness represents a divergence from a regulation set, the deficiency of clear differentiation between the public and private sectors in developing economic systems creates ambiguities in these regulation sets. The ambiguity between private and public functions, involvements and spheres frequently corresponds to high degrees of corruptness ( Johnston, 2004 ; Wedel, 2001 ; Jowitt, 1983 ) .Before we examine the difference between public and private sectors, nevertheless, we foremost must specify the footings themselves. The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary cites the beginnings of public from Latinpublicus; akin to LatinPopuluspeople and defines it as, of, associating to, or impacting all the people or the whole country of a state or state and accessibleto or shared by all members of the community.4 Merriam-Webster states the beginnings of private as, from Latinprivatus,from past participial ofprivareto strip, release, from.5Private is, hence, a subset or an exclusion of public. Making the differentiation between public and private, nevertheless, is non every bit simple as using a definition.As Weintraub ( 1997 ) argues, any treatment of public and private should get down byrecognizing, and seeking to clear up, the multiple and equivocal character of its capable matter.6 Much treatment of the public/private differentiation focuses on the boundary or line drawn between the two. Gestating clear and concise boundaries is, nevertheless, itself an enormously complex undertaking ( Steinberger, 1999 ) . The project is, in fact, so backbreaking that Steinberger ( 1999 ) suggests that bordering the public/private divide in footings of boundaries may be misconceived. Rather than analyzing specific boundaries, Steinberger ( 1999 ) discusses public and private in footings of two theories: individuality and inseparability. Identitymaintains that there is no real difference between public and private and inseparability, which, despite acknowledging a definite differentiation, argues that the footings are importantly connected ( Steinberger, 1999 ) . The inseparability thesis does non at all invite us to deny the peculiarity and genuineness of a domain of familiarity ; the individuality thesis clearly does ( Steinberger, 1999 ) .From an economic position, the function of the public sector can be divided into three activities: allotment, distribution and stabilisation ( Musgrave, 1959 ) . The public sector ( authorities ) can change the mixture of goods and services through a assortment of instruments, to include, but non limited to, d irect production, ordinance, revenue enhancement, and subsidies. The public sector may besides act upon the market’s distribution of income and wealth though about any activity. Finally, the public sector may impact the stableness of the economic system through actions that influence employment, monetary values and end product.The populace sector is therefore different from the private sector in its function in the economic system.The populace sector is besides differentiated from the private sector in three distinguishable ways. First, in the private sector, agents vote’ with money, that is, agents’ determinations are reflected by their ingestion and nest eggs determinations. The willingness and ability to pay constitutes aneffectual demand for a private good or service. Second, agents are differentiated in their quality demanded by the differences in income. Agents typically encounter the same set of monetary values, but consume different measures of goods and services. Third, private marketsgreen goods, typically, goods that are rival and excludable. A good is considered rival if the ingestion of that good by an agent precludes ingestion by another agent. A good is considered excludable if some mechanism ( monetary value, typically ) prevents an agent who desires the good from devouring it.For the populace sector, vote is the look of agents’ penchants. While agentsmay try to carry determination shapers with pecuniary ( parts ) and non-monetary ( clip, calls, buttonholing ) attempts, each agent has a individual ballot per issue. Public sector proviso, funded by revenue enhancement, implies that each agent faces a separate and distinguishable cost to devour the same measure of public goods and services. Finally, the populace sector produces a mixture of private and public goods. Public goods may be non-rival, non-excludable, or both. Public goods may besides bring forth important outwardnesss that are non captured in the monetary v alue of the good, which would ensue in the private sector’s under proviso of the public good.

Brigadier General John C. Caldwell in the Civil War

Brigadier General John C. Caldwell in the Civil War Early Life Born on April 17, 1833 in Lowell, VT, John Curtis Caldwell received his early schooling locally.   Interested in pursuing education as a career, he later attended Amherst College.   Graduating in 1855 with high honors, Caldwell moved to  East Machias, ME where he assumed the position of principal at Washington Academy.   He continued to hold this position for the next five years and became a respected member of the community.   With the attack on Fort Sumter in April 1861 and beginning of the Civil War, Caldwell left his post and sought a military commission.   Though he lacked any type of military experience, his connections within the state and ties to the Republican Party saw him obtain command of the 11th Maine Volunteer Infantry on November 12, 1861. Early Engagements Assigned to Major General George B. McClellans Army of the Potomac, Caldwells regiment traveled south in the spring of 1862 to take part in the Peninsula Campaign.   Despite his inexperience, he made a positive impression on his superiors and was chosen to command Brigadier General Oliver O. Howards brigade when that officer was wounded at the Battle of Seven Pines on June 1.   With this assignment came a promotion to brigadier general which was back-dated to April 28.   Leading his men in Brigadier General Israel B. Richardsons division of Major General Edwin V. Sumners II Corps, Caldwell earned high praise for his leadership in reinforcing Brigadier General Philip Kearnys division at the Battle of Glendale on June 30.   With the defeat of Union forces on the Peninsula, Caldwell and II Corps returned to Northern Virginia. Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville Arriving too late to take part in the Union defeat at the Second Battle of Manassas, Caldwell and his men were quickly engaged in the Maryland Campaign in early September.   Held in reserve during the Battle of South Mountain on September 14, Caldwells brigade saw intense fighting at the Battle of Antietam three days later.   Arriving on the field, Richardsons division began assaulting the Confederate position along the Sunken Road.   Reinforcing Brigadier General  Thomas F. Meaghers Irish Brigade, whose advance had stalled in the face of heavy resistance, Caldwells men renewed the attack.   As the fighting progressed, troops under Colonel Francis C. Barlow succeeded in turning the Confederate flank.   Pushing forward, Richardson and Caldwells men were ultimately halted by Confederate reinforcements under Major General James Longstreet.   Withdrawing, Richardson fell mortally wounded and command of the division briefly passed to Caldwell who was soon replaced by Brigadi er General Winfield S. Hancock. Though slightly wounded in the fighting, Caldwell remained in command of his brigade and led it three months later at the Battle of Fredericksburg.   In the course of the battle, his troops took part in the disastrous assault on Maryes Heights which saw the brigade suffer over 50% casualties and Caldwell wounded twice.  Ã‚   Though he performed well, one of his regiments broke and ran during the attack.   This, along with false rumors that he had hid during the fighting at Antietam, tarnished his reputation.   Despite these circumstances, Caldwell retained his role and took part in the Battle of Chancellorsville in early May 1863.   During the engagement, his troops helped stabilize the Union right after the defeat of Howards XI Corps and covered the withdrawal from the area around the Chancellor House. The Battle of Gettysburg In the wake of the defeat at Chancellorsville, Hancock ascended to lead II Corps and on May 22 Caldwell assumed command of the division.   In this new role, Caldwell moved north with Major General George G. Meades Army of the Potomac in pursuit of General Robert E. Lees Army of Northern Virginia.   Arriving at the Battle of Gettysburg on the morning of July 2, Caldwells division initially moved into a reserve role behind Cemetery Ridge.   That afternoon, as a large assault by Longstreet threatened to overwhelm Major General Daniel Sickles III Corps, he received orders to move south and reinforce the Union line in the Wheatfield.   Arriving, Caldwell deployed his division and swept Confederate forces from the field as well as occupied the woods to the west.   Though triumphant, Caldwells men were compelled to retreat when the collapse of the Union position at the Peach Orchard to the northwest led to them being flanked by the advancing enemy.   In the course of the fighting around the Wheatfield, Caldwells division sustained over 40% casualties.   The next day, Hancock sought to temporarily place Caldwell in command of II Corps but was overruled by Meade who preferred a West Pointer hold the post.   Later on July 3, after Hancock was wounded repulsing Picketts Charge, command of the corps devolved to Caldwell.   Meade moved swiftly and inserted Brigadier General William Hayes, a West Pointer, in the post that evening despite Caldwell being senior in rank. Later Career Following Gettysburg, Major General George Sykes, commander of V Corps, criticized Caldwells performance in the Wheatfield.   Investigated by Hancock, who had faith in subordinate, he was quickly cleared by a court of inquiry.   Despite this, Caldwells reputation was permanently damaged.   Though he led his division during the Bristoe and Mine Run Campaigns that fall, when the Army of the Potomac was reorganized in the spring of 1864, he was removed from his post.   Ordered to Washington, DC, Caldwell spent the remainder of the war serving on various boards.   Following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, he was selected to serve in the honor guard which bore the body back to Springfield, IL.   Later that year, Caldwell received a brevet promotion to major general in recognition of his service. Departing the army on January 15, 1866, Caldwell, still only thirty-three years old, returned to Maine and commenced practicing law.   After briefly serving in the state legislature, he held the post of adjutant general of the Maine Militia between 1867 and 1869.   Departing this position, Caldwell received an appointment as US Consul in Valparaiso.   Remaining in Chile for five years, he later obtained similar assignments in Uruguay and Paraguay.   Returning home in 1882, Caldwell accepted a final diplomatic post in 1897 when he became US Consul in San Jose, Costa Rica.   Serving under both Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt, he retired in 1909.   Caldwell died on August 31, 1912, at Calais, ME while visiting one of his daughters.   His remains were interred at St. Stephen Rural Cemetery across the river in St. Stephen, New Brunswick. Sources Brigadier General John C. CaldwellFind a Grave: John C. CaldwellJohn C. Caldwell

Analyze Marriott International Inc Research Paper

Analyze Marriott International Inc - Research Paper Example A real hands-on director, he systematically relished visiting Marriott’s progressively glamorous places, and spending time with the ever-growing positions of friends who, in his awareness, were the key secret of his firm’s accomplishment. (Marriott International Inc., 2000). Currently, Marriott International, Inc. is a foremost international hospitality corporation with approximately 2,800 functioning units in USA and 67 other nations and regions. In keeping with Marriott’s supreme valued custom of service, the JW Marriott Hotels & Resorts brand is, itself, a new take on treat, offering detail-oriented individual and reliable service. On the other hand, from the amenity structures you expect to the least facts that amuses, JW Marriott superiorities itself in offering those unforeseen touches that lift each visitor’s vacation. As a fresh affiliate of the JW Marriott clan, the JW Grand Rapids is devoted to conserving the philosophy that the Marriott’s initiated some decades back. A culture that distinguishes its connections as the most valuable possessions and appreciates that how the firm serves its visitors is a straight echo of how much they are esteemed. Its Headquarters are located in Bethesda; on the other hand, the company has 102868 Employees in USA and 195551 Employees worldwide. Marriott is an international lodging firm based in Bethesda, Md. The business functions and franchises guesthouses and licenses holiday possession resorts under 18 sorts. The majorities of the employees say Marriott gives unique assistances. (Marriott International Inc., 2000). Whereas they vary by site, the business operates 715 possessions in USA alone .Those seeking an outdated 9 - 5 work day might not find this office the greatest fit, depending on the work. However most workers say the corporation inspires work-life stability, need to stay long-term and say its a welcoming environment. At Marriott, 81% of

The United Nations And Human Right Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The United Nations And Human Right - Essay Example Upholding those rights are considered as having peace, justice, and freedom in the world. The laws and fundamental principles for upholding these rights are in place and so does the overall mechanism and infrastructure to actually enforce these rights. Over the period of time, UN has been able to reduce the number of human rights violations across the whole world and that it has been able to put in place different resources which helped it to achieve this objective. However, UN also failed to properly enforce human rights across the whole world as millions of people are still being put through brutalities and gross human rights violations. Not only governments are committing crimes against the basic human rights but smaller and individual groups are also involved too in such incidents. This paper will debate whether United Nations has been able to ensure human rights for all or not by presenting arguments in favor and against the same. Human Rights and United Nations As discussed abo ve, human rights are universal in nature and are available to everyone equally. These are the rights which we enjoy as humans and violations of the same can attract penalties and other punishments for those who violate the human rights. The overall movement for the protection of human rights started to become significant after the World War-II. The overall mandate given to UN is given by the countries who acquire the membership of the UN. Membership of UN is considered as the admission of any individual country towards the international community. UN, therefore, has been implementing and enforcing human rights either through charter based or treaty-based implementations. Both these mechanisms not only provide UN a proper mechanism but structure also to implement and influence countries to implement human rights. The overall atrocities and violations of human rights become common after World War II and as a result of this, United Nations General Assembly met in Paris with the objecti ve of adapting Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In 1948, a universal declaration of human rights was adopted by General Assembly of United Nations and as such overshadowed all other human rights declaration which was prevailing in ancient times. Article 1 of the universal declaration suggests that all human beings are born equal and with the same level of dignity. The United Nation Article 1 on human rights states that all human beings are equal and born free in dignity and rights (Smith, 2009, p. 54). The laws were made to ensure that every person has a right to life and this right should be legally protected.

''Literature Review'' Topic-Causes of Falls In Elderly Patients Essay

''Literature Review'' Topic-Causes of Falls In Elderly Patients - Essay Example For this reason, it is necessary for health care providers to carefully detect the causes of falls in order to prevent and minimize the risks of falls. Based on the report of the National Health Statistics in England and Wales, the total number of fall and fracture during the year 2004 is 4,547. (National Statistics, 2006) Roughly 64.1% of the cases is unintentional, 32.5% is caused by osteoporosis. The remaining 2.2% and 1.2% is caused by suicide and undetermined probable homicide respectively. (See Table I in appendix– Incidence of Falls and Fractures in England and Wales on page 15) As I work in an elderly rehabilitation ward this topic is more relevant to my clinical area because elderly individuals are more prone to experience fall-related injuries. Seventy percent of accidental death among the elderly patients is due to fall. Most of the elderly individuals that suffer from hip fracture due to serious falls are not able to regain their normal level of function. (Stevens and Olson, 2000) The fact that this type of accidents could lead to the serious physical injury and death among the elderly individuals (Lipsitz, 1991), the causes of falls should be taken seriously in order to prevent and minimize the incidence of falls among the elderly individuals. Therefore, it is necessary to rehabilitate physical injuries due to fall (Muche and McCarty, 2006). In gathering concrete evidences regarding the causes of falls among the elderly patients, the author uses the search engines particularly ‘yahoo’ and ‘google’. Both search engines has been very helpful in enabling the researcher to locate relevant evidenced-based journal that comes from databases search such as dialog datastar: Medline, Embase, Pubmed, The Cochrane Library, Sumsearch, and Trip database. In searching for peer-reviewed journals, the author entered search

Impact of Announcing Dividends on Share Prices of Corporations Listed Dissertation

Impact of Announcing Dividends on Share Prices of Corporations Listed in the Saudi Stock Exchange - Dissertation Example In the past, research tended to confirm the absence of impact of dividend announcements on shareholders’ value on condition that taxes and market imperfections are not present. For this reason, companies would prefer to invest its excess funds (which are not needed for business operations or expansion) in positive net present value projects available to it, in lieu of a dividend payout. It is also generally accepted that market valuation of stocks is dependent upon future earnings – when future earnings are lacklustre, the stock’s market value would go down or remain flat. Should companies pay out all its earnings, therefore, funds that may be reinvested for future productive undertakings are depleted, creating a dampener for new dividend declarations. Also, if dividends were taxable, shareholders may put off the declaration of additional dividends in order for their tax liabilities to be prevented from increasing. Despite these disadvantages to dividend declarat ions, however, companies continue to resort to cash dividends in order to signal information about future earnings (Uddin & Chowdhury, 2008). What is interesting in Saudi Arabian situation is that Saudi Arabia is a non-tax economy, and one would tend to believe that market imperfections are kept to a minimum. The country therefore presents some interesting possibilities towards confirmation of certain principles espoused by Modigliani and Miller, particularly concerning the signalling theory of dividends. This therefore leads to the objective of the study, stated below. 1.1 Objective of the research study The objective of the study is to determine the impact of dividend announcements on the share prices of corporations that are listed in the Saudi Stock Exchange. The purpose is to determine the degree to which informational content is conveyed by unexpected announcements of dividends, as discerned from the stock price changes beyond levels ordinarily expected. This information would be important to all participants in the stock market, including regulators, policy formulators and investors. 1.2 Statement of the problem The study addresses the problem of how market efficiency may be determined through stock price movements in relation to their corresponding market-moving announcements – that is, the release of announcement of dividends other than that already expected by investors. Knowing how this may be determined, the study shall also apply this method in assessing the efficiency of the Saudi Arabian stock market in factoring in the information content of these announcements. 1.3 Main research question The main research question may be stated thus: How efficiently does the announcement of dividends get factored into the prices of stocks trading in the Saudi Arabian stock market? 1.4 Research subquestions The study proposes to answer the main research question by seeking answers to the following subquestion: Q1: How may extraordinary stock price fluctu ations be reliably measured? Q2: By what criteria may unexpected dividend announcements be determined, vis-a-vis expected dividend declarations? Q3: Having distinguished extraordinary stock price fluctuations from regular movements, and unexpected divide

The importance of sustainable purchasing and supply Essay

The importance of sustainable purchasing and supply - Essay Example It can also be stated that purchasing and supply operations on a long term basis enable the organisations to gain greater stability and generate substantial profits. The paper intends to discuss the perception of procurement and the benefits of effective purchasing and supply in a business. Various aspects like the significance of the association between a good purchaser and a supplier, the notion of competitive advantage and how the selection of a reliable supplier is such an important issue in generating competitive advantage will also be discussed in the paper. 1. Concept of Procurement Procurement is the process of obtaining new products or services. It is often regarded as a strategic role for different organisations belonging to both public along with private sectors. It has been viewed to be a dynamic process that covers several significant activities relating to supply chain that comprise generating contracts, purchasing and performing logistical functions (Bower, 2003). It h as been apparently observed that the procurement process includes certain fundamental inputs in the form of physical structure like raw materials that is required for preserving the product standards and maintain greater product reliability supporting the organisations to accomplish superior competitive position. The process of procurement also consists certain other wide ranging aspects that include storing, receiving and inspecting among others. The process also signifies the requisition as well as the acquisition of materials. The perception of procurement generates a logical meaning that indicates to supply the right materials to the correct person and at a precise time. It can also be viewed that an effective process of purchasing or procurement assists an organisation in decreasing the costs and maintaining the quality of the products along with mitigating the risks linked with supply chain management. Moreover, effectual procurement would also enable the organisations to gene rate greater productivity, broader availability of raw materials and mitigate the risks relating to inventory levels of products (Altekar, 2005). In this similar concern, the aspect of sustainable procurement can be considered as a significant aspect as a form of business activity in this modern day context. It is regarded as a process through which considerable savings can be done with respect to decrease in the waste materials, increase in the efficiency of the business along with gaining greater competitiveness. Various oil companies have generally adopted sustainable procurement programs such as investing much upon transportation facilities and networking with the intention of competing with their major market competitors. It also develops the economy by offering employment facilities and sourcing organisation (Mahadevan, 2010). 2. Benefits of Effective Purchasing and Supply Effective purchasing and supply can be principally determined as one of the imperative elements in the pr ocess of supply chain mana

Impact of Announcing Dividends on Share Prices of Corporations Listed Dissertation

Impact of Announcing Dividends on Share Prices of Corporations Listed in the Saudi Stock Exchange - Dissertation Example In the past, research tended to confirm the absence of impact of dividend announcements on shareholders’ value on condition that taxes and market imperfections are not present. For this reason, companies would prefer to invest its excess funds (which are not needed for business operations or expansion) in positive net present value projects available to it, in lieu of a dividend payout. It is also generally accepted that market valuation of stocks is dependent upon future earnings – when future earnings are lacklustre, the stock’s market value would go down or remain flat. Should companies pay out all its earnings, therefore, funds that may be reinvested for future productive undertakings are depleted, creating a dampener for new dividend declarations. Also, if dividends were taxable, shareholders may put off the declaration of additional dividends in order for their tax liabilities to be prevented from increasing. Despite these disadvantages to dividend declarat ions, however, companies continue to resort to cash dividends in order to signal information about future earnings (Uddin & Chowdhury, 2008). What is interesting in Saudi Arabian situation is that Saudi Arabia is a non-tax economy, and one would tend to believe that market imperfections are kept to a minimum. The country therefore presents some interesting possibilities towards confirmation of certain principles espoused by Modigliani and Miller, particularly concerning the signalling theory of dividends. This therefore leads to the objective of the study, stated below. 1.1 Objective of the research study The objective of the study is to determine the impact of dividend announcements on the share prices of corporations that are listed in the Saudi Stock Exchange. The purpose is to determine the degree to which informational content is conveyed by unexpected announcements of dividends, as discerned from the stock price changes beyond levels ordinarily expected. This information would be important to all participants in the stock market, including regulators, policy formulators and investors. 1.2 Statement of the problem The study addresses the problem of how market efficiency may be determined through stock price movements in relation to their corresponding market-moving announcements – that is, the release of announcement of dividends other than that already expected by investors. Knowing how this may be determined, the study shall also apply this method in assessing the efficiency of the Saudi Arabian stock market in factoring in the information content of these announcements. 1.3 Main research question The main research question may be stated thus: How efficiently does the announcement of dividends get factored into the prices of stocks trading in the Saudi Arabian stock market? 1.4 Research subquestions The study proposes to answer the main research question by seeking answers to the following subquestion: Q1: How may extraordinary stock price fluctu ations be reliably measured? Q2: By what criteria may unexpected dividend announcements be determined, vis-a-vis expected dividend declarations? Q3: Having distinguished extraordinary stock price fluctuations from regular movements, and unexpected divide

Preventing vent acquired pneumonia (VAP) in the icu Essay

Preventing vent acquired pneumonia (VAP) in the icu - Essay Example Microbiological surveillance is important because it prevents emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria and also in determining empirical therapy for patients with VAP. According to Babcock et al (2004), educating health professionals about prevention of VAP is critical for prevention of not only VAP, but also various nosocomial infections. Similar reports were delivered by Needleman et al (2002) and Cho et al (2003). Another important strategy for prevention of VAP is early extubation and this is possible by following certain extubation protocols like interruption of sedation every day. According to Cook et al (2000), decreased time of mechanical ventilation decreases the risk of aspiration and consequently decreases VAP risk. The third strategy useful to prevent VAP is prevention of aspiration. Nieuwenhoven et al (2006) have reported that evevation of bed at 45 degrees prevents aspiration. Timely drainage of secretions in the subglottic region which get contaminated easily (Bonten et al. 2004), avoiding manipulation of fluids in the ventilator circuits (Han and Liu, 2010) and use appropriate endotracheal cuff pressure (Valencia et al. 2007) also prevent aspiration of contaminated fluids and secretions. There are several decontamination strategies which have been advocated for prevention of VAP. Some drugs like chlorhexidine are useful for oral decontamination. Selective decontamination of the intestines is possible by using antibiotics like polymyxin which are non-absorbable (Bonten and Krueger, 2006). Babcock, H.M., Zack, J.E., Garrison, T., Trovillion, E., Jones, M., Fraser, V.J. et al. (2004) An educational intervention to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia in an integrated health system: a comparison of effects. Chest, 125, 2224–2231. Tablan, O.C., Anderson, L.J., Besser, R., Bridges, C. and Hajjeh, R. (2004) Guidelines for preventing health-care–associated pneumonia, 2003:

The Natural Born Citizen Essay Example for Free

The Natural Born Citizen Essay The President of the United States of America is the most powerful man in the world. The decisions that he makes and the policies that he enforce are things that have direct or indirect effects not only on the U. S citizenry but also on people living in other countries. This fact makes it imperative that a man or a woman who is going to assume the office as the President of the United States must have full control of his mental, physical, and emotional faculties when he takes over this important position. This is the primary reason why individuals who intend to hold office as president of the United States should be a â€Å"Natural Born† citizen. The wording â€Å"Natural born† means that the candidate should have been born into this world via natural birthing methods. THE NATURAL BORN CITIZEN THE FACTS ABOUT NATURAL BIRTHING Being born via a Natural birthing method ensures that the child has a huge probability of having full control over his Mental, physical and emotional faculties in comparison to those born via unnatural birthing methods (Caesarian method). Being born via Caesarian method has the following adverse effects namely: (a) The change that may take place on a child’s brain because of the chemical effects of anaesthetic drugs like morphine and lidocaine. These are drugs that are administered on laboring mothers to counter the immense pains associated to childbirth. Effects may include but would not be limited to cognitive and behavioral problems like long term Brain damage, ADHD and Autism (Stacey 2008). (b) Psycho social problems have a higher risk of occurrence on Caesarian born children than those who were born via natural means. According to Dr. Stanislov Grof, caesarian-born children often displays particular attitudes and personality traits like low self esteem, and difficulty in completing a task. CONCLUSION There is no question that the Position as Chief Executive of a country is a very demanding position that entails commitment and sound mental faculties. A person who is bound to get this office should have mental, physical and emotional resources that he could call upon to serve his country especially in troubled times. Caesarian born individuals are not fit to hold this office because there is a huge possibility that they are not intrinsically, physically and mentally fit enough to assume their duties as the president of the most powerful country in the World. This office demands that the person who holds office should have a nearly perfect if not fully unblemished mental and physical faculties. The THE NATURAL BORN CITIZEN position is not created by the constitution to be a testing laboratory for a potentially unfit individual. This position is not for the feeble minded, and the weak of heart. Any possibility of handing this position over to an individual who may be emotionally and mentally unstable is an unjustifiable risk that the most prominent country in the world cannot take. Such an undertaking is untenable and prejudicial to the best interest of the United States of America and her citizenry. The individual that should lead this great nation should have a sound body and mind at his disposal to best serve his country and his fellowmen. Anything less is a travesty to Democracy and Good Governance. References: Common Drugs Used During Labor and Their Side Effects. Retrieved May 22, 2010, from World wide web: http://natural-childbirth. net/tag/effects-of-drugs-on-baby/ Emerson, W. (1993). Treating birth trauma during infancy: Dynamic outcomes. CA: Emerson Training Seminars. Emerson, W. (1996). Treating birth trauma during infancy: Cord trauma. [Video-tape]. CA: Emerson Training Seminars English, J. (1985). Different doorway. Adventures of a cesarean born. CA: Earth Heart Press. Grof, S. (1998). Realms of the human unconscious. New York: Viking Press.

Changes to the Urban Population in America

Changes to the Urban Population in America The Urban Frontier The New Immigration Southern Europe Uprooted Reactions to the New Immigration Narrowing the Welcome Mat Churches Confront the Urban Challenge Darwin Disrupts the Churches The Lust for Learning Booker T. Washington and Education for Black People The Hallowed Halls of Ivy The March of the Mind The Appeal of the Press Apostles of Reform Postwar Writing Literary Landmarks The New Morality Families and Women in the City Prohibition of Alcohol and Social Progress Artistic Triumphs The Business of Amusement From the end of the Civil War to 1900, Americas urban population tripled. The advent of skyscrapers allowed more people to be packed in a small geographical footprint. Cities grew to become sprawling metropolises where people commuted to work in electric trolleys. Amenities like electricity, indoor plumbing, and telephones made city life alluring. Department stores like Macys and Marshall Fields provided jobs and shoppers. However, cities had their own issues. Lots of trash was generated, crime was rampant and uncollected garbage made cities unsanitary. Slums were crammed with people with little sanitation and ventilation. Until the 1880s, most of the immigrants were well educated migrants from Britain and Germany, who fit well into American society. In the 1880s, a new wave of immigration was made up of Italians, Croats, Greeks and Poles, who were illiterate and poor. Europeans came to America driven by population growth in Europe and lack of opportunity due to industrialization. America was advertised as the land of opportunity by profit-seeking Americans looking to get cheap labor. However, some 25% of the 20 million people who came between 1820 and 1900 returned to Europe. Those who remained tried to retain their own culture, although their children embraced American culture. The federal government did little to help the assimilation of immigrants assimilate into American society, leading to immigrants being controlled by powerful bosses who provided jobs and shelter in return for political support. The nation gradually awoke to the plight of the immigrants, led by protestant clergymen like Walter Rauschenbusch preaching the Social Gospel. Settlement houses such as Hull House founded by Jane Addams in 1889 and Walds Henry Street Settlement in New York, became centers for womens activism and reform. The cities gave women opportunities to earn money and support themselves. The anti-foreignism of the 1840s roared back in the 1880s, as the nativists gave the new immigrants a rude welcome, fearing the mongrelization of the Anglo-Saxon race. Trade unionists saw the new immigrants as depressing wages. In 1882, Congress passed the first of the anti-immigration, laws, banning paupers, criminals, and convicts from entering the U.S. The 1882 immigration law also specifically barred the Chinese. In 1886, the Statue of Liberty arrived from France as a gift from the French. The changing character of the urban population posed challenges to American churches especially Protestant churches. Older richer churches failed to address the issues of urban poverty and suffering, and were starting to become irrelevant. This resulted in a new wave of liberal Protestant revivalism led by people like Dwight Lyman Moody, a former shoe salesman. Roman Catholic and Jewish faiths also grew thanks to the new immigrants.. The Young Mens ad Womens Christian Associations also grew rapidly. Charles Darwins idea of natural selection published in his boon On the Origin of Species in 1859, resulted in splitting the religious camp into two: A conservative minority that stood firmly behind the Bible and the Accommodationists who take a more liberal view. Public education, especially high schools grew rapidly. The idea that a high school education should be a birthright became popular. The Chautauqua movement, launched in 1874, educated adults. The South lagged badly behind in education where about 44% of Blacks were uneducated. Southern black education was led by many blacks. Most famous was an ex-slave, Booker T. Washington who started by heading a black normal and industrial school in Tuskegee, Alabama, teaching the students useful skills and trades. Another was W.E.B. Du Bois, the first Black doctorate from Harvard University, who founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1910. Numerous colleges and universities were established after the Civil War. Women and Black education also grew at a rapid clip. The Morrill Act of 1862 provided a generous grant of the public lands to the states for education. The Hatch Act of 1887 provided federal funds for the establishment of agricultural research in land-grant colleges. Private philanthropy also played an important role, resulting in universities such as Cornell, and the University of Chicago, funded by Rockefeller. Homegrown influences shaped the American education system. The elective system and specialization gained popularity. Medical schools and science bloomed after the Civil War. Discoveries by Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister improved medical science and health. William James helped establish behavioral psychology. Public libraries well stocked with books were also being built. Carnegie contributed $60 million for public library construction. The invention of the Linotype in 1885 allowed the press to keep pace with demand. Competition sparked so-called yellow journalism which reported wild and fantastic stories that were either false or hyped. Two new journalistic tycoons emerged: Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst, although their influence was not always wholesome. Magazines like Harpers and the Atlantic Monthly, were popular. An enduring journalist-author was Henry George, who undertook to solve the association of poverty with progress and left a mark on Fabian socialism. After the Civil War, dime-novels became the rage. The king of dime novelists was Harland F. Halsey, who wrote 650 of these novels. Horatio Alger rags-to-riches books about virtue, honesty, and industry being rewarded by success, wealth, and honor, were widely popular. Emily Dickinson became famous for her poems after her death. American novelists now wrote about the human drama of everyday life. New notable writers were Kate Chopin, who wrote The Awakening and Mark Twain who wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Bret Hartes California gold rush stories were popular. Henry James often made women the main characters in his novels. Two noted black writers were Paul Laurence Dunbar and Charles W. Chesnutt, who used black dialect and folklore in their poems and stories. Victoria Woodhulls proclamation of free love in 1871 shook conventional morality. Economic freedom for women encouraged sexual freedom and resulted in the increase of birth control, divorces, and frank discussion of sexual topics. Urban life was hard on families who had to take care of everything themselves without support from their clan. Urbanization resulted in families having less children. Marriages were delayed and birth control was used. In 1898, Charlotte Gilmans Women and Economics, advocated for women to abandon their dependent status and contribute through productive involvement in the economy. The National American Woman Suffrage Association was formed in 1890. Ida Wells was a tireless crusader for better treatment of Blacks and formed the National Association of Colored Women in 1896. The National Prohibition Party was founded in 1869. The Womens Christian Temperance Union also crusaded against alcohol, calling for a national prohibition of alcohol. The Anti-Saloon League was founded in 1893. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was founded in 1866 and the American Red Cross in 1881. American Art had proved mediocre so far. Many of Americas finest painters such as James Whistler and John Singer Sargent made their living in Europe. Sculptors included Augustus Saint-Gaudens, who made the Robert Gould Shaw memorial, located in Boston, in 1897. Music scaled new heights with the building of opera houses and the emergence of jazz. Edisons phonograph, brought canned music into peoples homes. In entertainment, Phineas T. Barnum and James A. Bailey teamed up in 1881 to stage the Greatest Show on Earth. Wild West shows, like those of Buffalo Bill Cody were very popular. Baseball and football became popular as well. Baseball became Americas national pastime. In 1891, James Naismith invented basketball. Croquet and bicycling crazes also swept the country The urban population in America rapidly increased following the Civil War. Cities became sprawling metropolises of skyscrapers where people commuted to work. The nature of immigration also changed. Before the 1880s, the bulk of the immigrants came from Britain and Germany. After 1880, a new wave of poor and illiterate immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe came to the U.S., driven by population growth in Europe and lack of opportunity. The federal government did little to help these new immigrants assimilate into American society. Many of them came under the control of powerful bosses who traded them food and shelter for political support. In time, community houses such as Hull House as well as Churches especially the Protestants would help out. The anti-foreignism of the 1840s came back in the 1880s, driven by a fear that the new immigrants would sully the anglo-saxon bloodline. Congress would pass a number of laws restricting immigration. Paupers and criminals were no longer a llowed. A specific law barring Chinese immigration was also passed in 1882. In 1886, the Statue of Liberty arrived in New York as a gift from France. The changing nature of immigration also took its toll on American churches, resulting in a Protestant liberalism wave. Catholicism and Judaism also gained ground. Darwins idea of natural selection also split the faithful into 2 camps, one that still clung to the old orthodox view of the Bible and the other, a more liberal view that sought to have both science and the Bible co-exist. Support for public education as a birthright was high and numerous high schools sprouted. In the South, badly hit by the Civil War, education for Blacks was led by a number of notable black figures such as Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois who founded the NAACP in 1910. Higher education also got a fillip after the Civil War, with numerous universities and colleges being established. Private philanthropy also played an important role in establishing ma ny respected private colleges. The American education system was also shaped by local influences. The elective system and specialization became popular. Medical science also improved with the establishment of medical colleges and important discoveries by Pasteur and Lister. The number of public libraries also increased rapidly. The invention of the linotype in 1885 enabled the popular press to keep pace with demand. Magazines like Harpers also served to partially satisfy the demand for printed material. Yellow journalism which published sensational and often false stories also became widely popular. Dime novels were another fad. The character of American writing also changed from the earlier romanticism to more worldly stories about human drama and life, written by famous authors like Mark Twain. Urban life was hard on families since a family had to do everything themselves without much support from others such as a clan. Urbanization generally caused a reduction in family size, del ayed marriages and the use of birth control. Anti-temperance became popular again, with the National Prohibition Party being founded in 1869 and the Anti-Saloon league in 1893. American painters still had to go to Europe to make a decent living. Music took off especially with the fusion of European and Black music resulting in new music genres such as Jazz. Edisons phonograph also enabled canned music to be brought to American homes cheaply. In the field of entertainment, shows such as The Wild West Show and Barnums Circus were very popular. Baseball soon became Americas sport. Basketball was invented in 1891. Criquet and cycling also became very popular especially with women.

Frank Norris’s Novel McTeague Essay -- Frank Norris McTeague Essays

Frank Norris’s Novel McTeague   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frank Norris’s novel McTeague explores the decay of society in the early twentieth century. Set in San Francisco, â€Å"a place where anything can happen†¦where fact is often stranger than fiction† (McElrath, Jr. 447), Norris explores themes of greed and naturalism, revealing the darker side of human psyche. What can be found most disturbing is the way that Norris portrays McTeague, in shocking detail, as nothing more than a brute animal at his core. Norris explores the greed and savage animalism that lurks inside McTeague.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  McTeague is first portrayed as a gentle giant. The reader is introduced to McTeague as he sits in his dental parlor, smoking his cigar and drinking his steam beer. He is described as a tall, slowly moving man. McTeague’s mind was as his body, heavy, slow to act, sluggish. Yet there was nothing vicious about the man. Altogether he suggested the draft horse, immensely strong, stupid, docile, obedient (Norris 7). Immediately one can visualize McTeague, a large lumbering mass, going about his daily activities in quiet solitude. The dental practice that McTeague runs provides him with a sound income, and in the first few chapters of the novel, he desires nothing more out of life than to practice what he loves. â€Å"When he opened his Dental Parlors, he felt that his life was a success, that he could hope for nothing better† (Norris 7). Upon meeting Trina, his best friend Marcus’s love interest who comes to him because of a broken tooth, his psyche begins to change and animalistic feelings begin to well up inside McTeague. â€Å"The male, virile desire in him tardily awakened, aroused itself, strong and brutal. It was resistless, untrained, a thing not to be held in a leash an instant† (Norris 25). Norris uses the animal imagery to describe the deterioration of McTeague’s human qualities. When McTeague tells Marcus of his intentions with Trina, there is a palpable tension between the two characters. Although at first they act like gentlemen, there is a silent rivalry between them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Well, what are we going to do about it, Mac?† he said. â€Å"I don’ know,† answered McTeague in great distress. â€Å"I don’ want anything to—to come between us, Mark.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"Well, say, Mac,† he cried, striking the table with his fist, â€Å"go ahead. I guess you—you want her pretty bad. I’ll pull out; yes, I will. I’ll give he... ...ull at his right wrist; something held it fast. Looking down, he saw that Marcus in that last struggle had found strength enough to handcuff their wrists together. Marcus was dead now; McTeague locked to the body. All about him, vast interminable, stretched the measureless leagues of Death Valley (Norris 340). In this last scene, McTeague is left to die in the brutal conditions of Death Valley, a force that his primitiveness and greed cannot escape.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Norris develops the novel in a way that takes the reader through the mind of McTeague. The final effect is one of chilling realism. McTeague develops a greed and brute quality that can be realized in all of us. Norris magnifies the deconstructive traits that lurk inside of society and all of us and shows them too us, if we dare to look for them. Works Cited Brief, Peter. 1,300 Critical Evaluations of Selected Novels and Plays: â€Å"McTeague.† Vol. 3, McT-ROB. Salem Press, 1978. McElrath Jr, Joseph. Twentieth Century Literary Criticism: â€Å"McTeague.† Vol. 24. Gale Research Company, 1987. Norris, Frank. McTeague. USA: Signet Classic, 1964. Rexroth, Kenneth. Afterword from â€Å"McTeague.† USA: New American Library, 1964.

Causes and Effects of Stress in Daily Life Essay

Causes and Effects of Stress in Daily Life Stress comes from many different things and is the cause of many problems in a person’s life. There are different type of stress that mostly people experienced in there lives. The Acute, episodic and chronic stress. Each of this stress has a different types of characteristics, symptoms and treatment. Mostly people suffer from acute stress and experienced a perceived threat either physical, emotional or psychological that can cause our body to experiences and increased the levels of hormones and to increase the heart rate, breathing and higher blood pressure. Episodic stress is more severe type of acute stress. This type of stress is often more difficult to diagnose. Mostly people suffer from this type of stress experience symptoms everyday. The most common symptoms are headaches such as migraines, tension, being irritable, feeling anxious or even pain in the chest. According to Benjamin H. Gottlieb, Chronic stress is often defined by continuing the possibility or expectation of potential harm. The most common sources of stress in people’s life are often categorized like Death of spouse, family or friends. Health, crime, sexual problems, alcohol or drug abuse or inancial, and the life changing, for instance the divorce, separation, marriage or new baby. Argument with spouse, family member, friends, co-workers or boss. Physical changes to include lack of sleep, new work place and hours and the demands of the job and relationship with co-workers, new responsibilities and to understand the roles and regulations of the new Job and the support that there getting to a co- workers or supervisors. A lot of people suffers stress from the work place. to include the lack of feedback on the performance, poor communication with their own teams , orking long hours and uncomfortable work place. The general causes of stress that most common of people experienced are physical threat, social threat and financial threat. In particular it will be worsen when the person feels they have no response that can reduce the threat, the need and sense of control. When a person dealing with stress it can become fear that leads to imagined the outcomes. Uncertainty, unable to predict , and feeling not in control and lastly feeling being cognitive dissonance. It occurs when they cannot meet the commitments and being perceived as incapable and dishonest.

Death of a Salesman: Discuss the importance of dreams in the play Essay

In Death of a Salesman, there are several types of dreams that are evident. These are the hopes and ambitions of the characters, daydreams fantasies and memories and national and cultural dreams, such as the American Dream. Dreams are a very important part of the play. They motivate the characters into their actions and explain their behaviour both in the past and the ‘real time’ that the play is set in. The dreams also affect the way that the whole play is structured. The play is set in the time after the American Dream had started to fade. This is important, because Americans no longer believed in it. Willy found it hard to accept that his sons didn’t believe in what he had believed all his life. The American Dream affected all Americans when Willy Loman was younger, and even though Willy fell foul of the system, he was very much affected by it when he was a young man, and it is still with him. The American Dream was an ideal, which showed the longings of people who wanted to break new ground in a developing country, to earn and save their money and enjoy a comfortable lifestyle and to work for themselves. The important factors of the American Dream, were having the best of everything, being successful and popular, having money to spend, and the ideal of rural living close to nature, as well as owning your own business. Consumerism was very much linked to this. Advertising was being used for the very first time, on billboards, radio and even television. Mass production enabled wider availability, and salesmen were being used less and less as people bought on credit at nation-wide stores. Some people managed to be successful within this society. Others suffered from increased pressure to succeed and a feeling of inadequacy and disappointment if they were not earning enough and are therefore were unable to buy the best of everything. Capitalist society also led to people being laid off when they were no longer financially useful, as happens to Willy in the play. These are all very important ideas in Death of a Salesman. Willy suffers from the new society and gets angry when the fridge breaks repeatedly and he cannot afford to simply replace it. To Willy it is important that he has the best of everything and it is very important that he is successful and popular and he refers to this several times during the play. â€Å"He’s liked, but he’s not well liked.† Willy not only wants to be the best, he wants to be respected. His language tells us that he does not think very highly of the person that he is talking about. He is quite condescending. The recurrence of consumer goods in the play, such as the car and fridge, tell us that these things are of great importance to Willy, because they are part of his social standing. However, these things are not so important to Linda. She is more concerned about Willy and her sons. Material objects do not matter to her, she is too worried about Willy’s happiness. All the male characters in the play are affected by the American Dream and feel the pressure to succeed. Willy and Happy, particularly, strive towards something that would not necessarily ever make them happy in life. Biff questions the American Dream and seems to rebel against it. He wants a simple life, because he has seen what the American Dream has done to Willy and he has never settled into anything, because of this. He doesn’t want to end up like Willy. Biff defies the American Dream in this way, because he doesn’t want the objects that make up the lifestyle. The way of life around America generally, was very materialistic. People had to be seen to own everything. Each member of the Loman family has different hopes and ambitions, which have changed from the past into the present. Willy has a lot of hopes and ambitions, most of which are unrealistic and are in his imagination. He always had big plans for himself, and in one of his memories, we see him tell Happy and Biff his main ambition in life. â€Å"Someday I’ll have my own business, and I’ll never have to leave home anymore.† Willy is reassuring himself of his dream and that one day it will come true, rather than the boys. He talks of the future, and the use of the word â€Å"someday† instantly makes us feel that this is a dream. Willy wants to be the best and often expresses this in one of his dreams. â€Å"Bigger than Uncle Charley.† Charley seems to be the one person that Willy wants to beat and he is very competitive towards him. Towards the end of the play, Willy is still trying to reassure himself that he is the best. â€Å"I am not a dime a dozen! I am Willy Loman.† Willy still desperately wants to succeed and gain the respect of Biff. He uses an everyday phrase, and tries to reassure himself that he is not simply an everyday phrase or person. He is however, beginning to give up hope and it is sinking in that he is nothing special. Biff has very different dreams to Willy, because he is trying to break the mould that Willy has created for him. Biff did try to do what Willy wanted him to in the beginning, but he loses respect for Willy and his dreams change. â€Å"I spent six or seven years after high school trying to work myself up.† Biff did this for Willy’s sake, to prove himself to Willy. Biff talks in past tense, because he is no longer trying to build himself up, to prove himself to Willy. Biff feels now, that because he hasn’t done what was expected of him, he has wasted his life. â€Å"I’ve always made a point of not wasting my life, and every time I come back here I know that all I’ve done is to waste my life.† Biff feels that he has wasted his life when he goes home, because Willy makes him feel this way, whereas, in reality, Biff hasn’t been able to settle down. Happy happily accepted the role that Willy created for him, because he was never very ambitious, and it suited him. Happy has been quite successful, and has many of the things he always wanted. However, he has found that not everything is as good as it seems when you don’t have it. â€Å"But then, it’s what I always wanted. My own apartment, a car, and plenty of women. And still, goddammit, I’m lonely.† Happy has got what he wanted, but he realises that once you have everything you want it’s not the same, and if you don’t have some one to love, you get lonely. He realises that people are what matters, not objects, yet at the end, he moves away from this again. Happy swears, because he is trying to convey to Biff his point. Happy follows the American Dream and often thinks of him and Biff having a company of their own. â€Å"The Loman Brothers, heh? †¦ That’s what I dream about Biff.† Happy wants his own business, as did Willy, but he wants it with Biff. He asks Biff a question, because he wants Biff to reassure him that his dream is the right dream. Linda Loman is a simple character, and is, above all else, loyal to Willy and his hopes and ideas. She desires only to be happy with what she has, and she wants Willy, Biff and Happy to be prosperous, content and pleased with what they have achieved. She has never fully understood Willy or her sons, and their desire for freedom away from the city bemuses her. She would like to be free from financial worry, and sees her life in the city, not anywhere else. Linda’s role is to portray the typical American woman. She is faithful to her husband and stays at home to look after the family. She fits in with the American dream, which is shown in the play. The hopes and ambitions of the characters are not all very realistic. Linda is the realist in the family, and agrees with Willy to keep him happy. The characters all live their lives around their hopes and ambitions. They treat others as if they should have the same hopes and ambitions as them. Some of the dreams of the characters are very important to them, and this is because these dreams are the only way that they can escape their reality. They are unhappy, but these dreams make them happy. Biff significantly changes his dreams and ambitions over time. When he was young, he wanted to be like Willy and respected Willy a great deal. When Biff learns that he has flunked at school, he goes to see Willy, who is away on a business trip, and finds him with a young lady. This destroys Biff’s image of Willy as his mentor and loving father. Biff never recovers from this, and afterwards, rebels against Willy and all that he has been in Biff’s life. The other characters do not change their dreams as significantly. Happy realises that he is stuck in a dead end job, but he cannot escape, and does not wish to do so, because he is comfortable where he is. Linda still has her dreams although she no longer strives to achieve them, because she has realised that her sons now lead their own lives. Willy still wants to be the best, and finds it very hard to accept that he is growing too old for his job. At the end of the play, Willy commits suicide, and at his funeral, Biff says â€Å"He had the wrong dreams. All, all, wrong.† Biff assumes that Willy had the wrong dreams, whereas, Willy had the right intentions, he merely aimed too high. Biff is convinced that his dreams are the right way of life, and that Willy was selfish and living under an illusion. Biff uses the word â€Å"wrong,† which leads us into believing that Willy’s dreams were in fact wrong, although we know that Willy was just a victim of the American Dream. Dreams have a big impact on the structure of the play, as we see Willy’s dreams and memories acted out before us as if they were flashbacks in a film, they are indeed flashbacks in Willy’s life. Willy is sixty, and as he gets older, he remembers parts of his life in these flashbacks. He is reminiscing back to the past, wishing that he was still there. These flashbacks are cleverly used to explain ‘present’ events, such as why Biff no longer respects Willy. The play centres on Willy’s dreams and fantasies. They are a very important aspect of the play, and because of this, we are warned when one is coming, because the play can be very difficult to understand without these warnings. All of the action takes place in Willy’s house and yard and in various parts he visits New York and Boston. There are only two acts and no scenes. Scenes are usually used to distinguish between dreams and reality, whereas in Death of a Salesman, Miller did not want this distinction. Whenever the action is in the present, the actors take note of the imaginary wall-lines, entering the house only through it’s door. But, in scenes of the past, these boundaries are broken, and the characters enter or leave by stepping ‘through’ a wall on the forestage. When Willy is about to have a dream or fantasy, we are made aware of this, when a flute plays a melody. This is an ironic reference to Willy’s father, who played the flute and travelled the country, with his family in his wagon, selling flutes he made on the way. The light dims on the stage, and the dreams are accompanied by appropriate music, to help the audience to discover what frame of mind the dream is in. When Willy is with the woman, â€Å"raw, sensuous music† is playing in the background, to set the scene. The flashbacks that we see clarify what is happening in ‘real time.’ Without them, we would be unsure of what is happening. The effect of seeing them is that instead of wondering what is going to happen next, we begin to wonder what has happened in the past to make the Loman family like they are. We particularly wonder this before we find out that Biff caught Willy with the woman. Before we see this flashback, we are very uncertain of what caused Biff to lose all respect for Willy, although we have an idea from conversations near the beginning of the play. Linda: â€Å"It seems there’s a woman†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (she takes a breath as) Biff: (sharply but contained) â€Å"What woman?† Linda: (simultaneously) â€Å"†¦ and this woman†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Biff is evidently very worried about Linda finding out about something, although at this stage, we are unsure what it is yet. Willy is getting older, and he really doesn’t want to. As he gets older, he reminisces back to the past, wishing it was still then. Willy’s flashbacks reveal to us how the character’s relationships with each other have changed over time. We therefore see them differently in ‘real time,’ because we see things that they have done, and it changes our perception of them. When we find out that Willy slept with a woman when he was on a business trip in Boston, we change our view of him. Before, we viewed him as lonely, getting old, and reminiscing about the old times. When we found out that he slept with the woman, we just see a man who is desperate to be successful, although he is too old to ever be successful. He slept with the woman to boost his sales, because he cannot accept that he will never be successful. Willy brought up his sons to believe that they were the best and that they could have anything that they ever wanted. Willy’s flashbacks mainly show the boys when they were younger, because Willy knew that they both respected him and looked up to him as their mentor in life. Biff and Happy are both very confident because Willy brought them up to believe in themselves. When Biff steals a football, in one of Willy’s dreams, Willy automatically jumps to his defence. Because of this attitude, Biff and Happy strive to be the best they can in life and are delusional about how successful they are to please Willy, although all of them know that they are misleading each other. In ‘real time,’ Biff is trying to tell Willy that he went to jail when he was away for three months. Biff gets very angry, because he has realised that they cannot accept the truth, and he no longer wants to live his life as a lie. When we do see events that happened in the past, we have to bear in mind that we see them as Willy remembers them. Willy is getting quite old, and has been delusional for his life. Willy never saw events very accurately, because he always wants the best for himself and his sons. He distorts events and often exaggerates or completely invents them. In Willy’s first dream, everything seems to be ‘perfect’ because Willy wants to think that his sons respected him and missed him when he went on business trips. He also recalls that he felt guilty, when he saw Linda mending stockings, because he cannot give her new ones, but he gave the woman that he slept with new ones. In Willy’s second dream, he is recollecting when Biff discovered him with the woman. He remembers this properly, because it was an awful thing to happen to him. He was shocked and distressed, which helped him to remember events correctly. Willy often remembers things as he would have liked them to happen. He wants to be the best, respected and successful. This is reflected in his dreams, because he remembers things as he wishes they had happened. Willy is still being delusional about his life, because he cannot accept the truth. Willy has trouble accepting that he wasn’t successful and does not have the chance to ever be successful, because he is too old, and his career is over. Dreams are important in the play for many different reasons. The dreams in the play convey different ideas about the characters. We see the characters in ‘real time’ and can only truly understand them when we see past events. We see how the American Dream affects the characters, how their hopes and ambitions affect them and how past events affect them through flashbacks. Miller is trying to make a point that we live in a society that encourages us to have dreams that are well beyond our means, and are unachievable, rather than realistic dreams. All of the characters in the play have been affected by their dreams and the dreams of others. Without dreams, human life would be awful, because we all need something to aim for, but our aims need to be realistic. Arthur Miller has effectively shown how our dreams can get out of hand, and do the people around us, as well as ourselves, more damage than good. The American Dream affected one generation a lot, until it was seen by the next generation that it was merely an ideal. Arthur Miller’s father immigrated to America, and soon found that the land of opportunity was not all it seemed.

The beneficial effects of nutrition on exercise performance Essay

Over the past 20 old ages. research has clearly documented the good effects of nutrition on exercising public presentation. There is no uncertainty that what an athlete chows and drinks can impact wellness. organic structure weight and composing. substrate handiness during exercising. recovery clip after exercising. and. finally. exercising public presentation. Carbohydrates are of import to keep blood-glucose degrees during exercising and to replace musculus animal starch. Recommendations for jocks range from 6 to 10 g/kg organic structure weight per twenty-four hours. The sum required depends upon the athlete’s entire day-to-day energy outgo. type of athletics performed. sex of the jock. and environmental conditions. Protein demands are somewhat increased in extremely active people. Protein recommendations for endurance jocks are 1. 2 to 1. 4 g/kg organic structure weight per twenty-four hours. whereas those for opposition and strength-trained jocks may be every bit high as 1. 6 to 1. 7 g/kg organic structure weight per twenty-four hours. Fat is of import in the diets of jocks as it provides energy. fat-soluble vitamins. and indispensable fatty acids. Dehydration decreases exercising public presentation ; therefore. equal fluid before. during. and after exercising is necessary for wellness and optimum public presentation. Athletes should imbibe adequate fluid to equilibrate their fluid losingss. Two hours before exercising 400 to 600 milliliter ( 14 to 22 oz ) of fluid should be consumed. and during exercising 150 to 350 milliliter ( 6 to 12 oz ) of fluid should be consumed every 15 to 20 min depending on tolerance. Before exercising. a repast or bite should supply sufficient fluid to keep hydration. be comparatively low in fat and fibre to ease stomachic emptying and minimise GI hurt. be comparatively high in saccharide to maximise care of blood glucose. be moderate in protein. and be composed of nutrients familiar and good tolerated by the jock. Eating before exercising. as opposed to exerting in the fasting province. has been shown to better public presentation. The size and timing of the pre-exercise repast are interrelated. Because most jocks do non like to vie on a full tummy. smaller repasts should be consumed in closer propinquity to the event to let for stomachic voidance. whereas larger repasts can be consumed if more clip is available earlier exercising or competition. Sums of saccharide used in surveies in which public presentation was enhanced have ranged from about 200 to 300 g saccharide for repasts consumed 3 to 4 H before exercising. Current informations are assorted refering whether the glycemic index of saccharide in the preexercise repast affects public presentation. The saccharide consumed should give chiefly glucose ; fructose entirely is non as effectual and may take to diarrhea. although mixtures of glucose and fructose seem to be effectual. If the same entire sum of saccharide and fluid is ingested. the signifier of saccharide does non look to matter—some jocks may prefer to utilize a athletics drink whereas others may prefer to eat a solid or gel and consume H2O. Presently. the usage and recommendation of ergogenic AIDSs to jocks is controversial. Some wellness attention professionals discourage the usage of all ergogenic AIDSs. though others suggest they be used with cautiousness and merely after careful scrutiny of the merchandise for safety. efficaciousness. authority. and legality. Athletes should non utilize nutritionary ergogenic AIDSs until they have carefully evaluated the merchandise. as indicated above. and discussed the usage of the merchandise with a qualified nutrition or wellness professional.

Urban Un-sustainability Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Urban Un-sustainability - Research Paper Example One of the important options is the immigration of people to big cities from the rural areas and from the surrounding suburbs in search of livelihood. This immigration and other factors are initiating urbanization process all over the world. â€Å"Whereas by turn of century almost half of the world’s population is lived in urban areas; it is expected that this figure will reach to 8.1 billion -60.5% of world population- by year 2030.† (Masnavi, 2007). This unavoidable urbanization brings out both benefits and challenges. The phenomenon of urbanization has been making quite a good ‘impression’ on the skylines of many cities all over the world, and on the lives of people living there as well as on the ones who are migrating to there. However, on the other hand, unstable immigration and the resultant urbanization are negatively affecting the migrating people and importantly the natural environment of that urban area. That is, in the urban areas, there are heig htened industrial developments and other developments including the maximal use of automobiles and other energy driven tools. All these ‘developments’ can play a destructive role as well, with various emissions and other byproducts making the urban areas ecologically unsustainable. So, this paper will discuss how today's urban regions are becoming un-sustainable ecologically, focusing on the principal causes of this urban un-sustainability. Urbanization and Sustainability As urbanization involves development of industries and other career options for the people, and also various social and entertainment options, it entices sizable population. It results in immigration of large scale population to the developing or existing urban areas causing 'physical' growth or expansion of natural land into urban areas. This immigration develops those urban areas and positively impacts the people living there including their standard of living, economic status, etc. â€Å"Cities hav e traditionally provided more jobs than rural areas because cities are the sites of industry, economic development, and educational and cultural opportunities.† (Berg, 2006). However, during this process of urbanization, the urban areas kind of becomes ‘hot spots’, as heightened immigration is leading to the establishment of more industries, more vehicles on the road, in total it leads to the establishment of more environment destructive entities and processes. Ironically, the above mentioned destructive or development activities cannot be avoided or stopped, as it has been providing many developments and comforts to all sections of the society particularly in the urban areas. In that case, the most feasible option is carrying out those developmental activities in a sustainable way. Sustainable way or sustainability in the sense, if those developmental activities are carried out taking into consideration various social aspects and importantly environmental aspects for not only the current times but also the future, then it constitutes sustainable way. â€Å"Sustainability creates and maintains the conditions under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony, that permit fulfilling the social, economic and other requirements of present and future generations.† (â€Å"What is sustainability?†

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 44

Ethics - Essay Example The objective of this paper is therefore, to identify examples of dubious activities which are involved in this movie. The first ambiguous activities in the movie, is the way most of the employees who work for the brokerage company becomes millionaires very fast. In real life situations, it takes a while for someone to become a millionaire. For example, in one of the scenes where Snarls Jin tells new recruits that the company does not hire brokers, but they train millionaires. This does not make sense because first of all, this is a brokerage firm, but one of the senior most managers tells its employees that they do not hire brokers, but train them to become millionaires. In addition its common knowledge that, every manager will always try to show new recruits, the company’s laid down rules. Therefore, the activities that the company; is involved with is ethically questionable. The moral philosophy by which the parties seemed to have relied to justify their actions is mala prohibita. This moral philosophy, describes the acts which are not morally wrong, but however, the law prohibits them (Mara and Roberts 108). The parties in the movie relied upon this philosophy to justify their actions by getting involved in dubious stock exchange in order to get rich quickly. This is because when they are caught, the law enforcers will not be able to find any evidence against them, unless they do a much thorough investigation. In addition to that, the constitution is also not very clear on what penalties someone found committing mala prohibita should be given (Mara and Roberts 109). The two alternative philosophies which could have led the parties to different results are mala in se and misdemeanor. Mala in se can be defined as those acts which are immoral and very wrong for killing someone. Misdemeanor on the other hand can be said to be those crimes which are not very serious and therefore attract less penalties (Mara and Roberts 110). In case the