Analysis of the Theoretical Concepts of Scientific Management Assignment

Examination of the Theoretical Concepts of Scientific Management - Assignment Example Logical Management came to be known after crafted by Frederick Winslow Taylor (1911), a designer by calling. In his book The Principles of Scientific Management, he proposed the central model along which mechanical production systems of enormous scope fabricating processing plants ought to be made. His model spotlights on the normalization of work through an accentuation on division of work, time, movement contemplates, work estimation and piece-rate compensation (Drury, 1915). Logical administration, or Taylorism, is an administration hypothesis intended to smooth out work process. The essential targets of this hypothesis were to outfit the genuine capability of financial proficiency and work profitability. Since mid 1700s individuals have been taking a shot at formal administration standards, yet the most noteworthy advancement in this undertaking accompanied crafted by Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856 †1915). He alongside his partners consolidated the fields of science and business (work). They set out with watching laborers profitability in a work setting. Taylor had confidence in the enhancement of work as opposed to compelling individuals to work more earnestly or extra. In his book, he proposed the disentanglement of work so as to upgrade or improve workers’ profitability. He proposed a closer relationship among administrators and workers while prior this was least of anyone’s concerns. Administrators used to keep a wide separation between their laborers and themselves. Because of the absence of normalized work, laborers found no genuine inspiration towards their work (Head, 2005). Most importantly, professional stability in all cases likewise added to the laborer 's separation from work. Thusly, so as to increase current standards of inspiration Taylor proposed the connecting of pay with execution.

Good Topics For a Cause and Effect Essay

Good Topics For a Cause and Effect EssayYou have probably seen these types of essays before. Good topics for a cause and effect essay will help make a stronger argument and give you a specific goal you want to reach. Here are some of the main points you should look at when you are writing a topic for a cause and effect essay.'Cause' is often used in an essay when discussing the effect of a cause on an effect. That's not to say that 'cause' can be used in reference to a person or thing, rather, it is when we talk about a cause in reference to an effect.So, 'The cause of the snowstorm' would be a good article topic. But what does that mean? It means that snowfall is a cause of the storm, which is a cause of an effect. That is a specific way of defining cause.You also need to think about the goal you want to achieve with your topic. That means you need to determine what you want to achieve with the topic and then consider the effects you want to have. For example, if you want to write a n essay to increase awareness about important environmental issues, you might want to consider creating a chapter on the effects of that cause.One of the best ways to determine what effect you want to have is to write a thought experiment. What you want to do is write about something that would make an important statement about what you want to have. For example, you might write about how the government spends millions of dollars on infrastructure projects that were planned years ago but never finished.Another good idea is to have a cause and effect sequence. The effect is something that has been done, and the cause is something that need to be done. For example, writing about how reducing pollution is good for our health is a good start, but then you could use a sequence that starts with how the pollution affects our environment, through the effects on our health, and finishes with the need to improve air quality. That gives you a reason for doing something.Good topics for a cause and effect essay can help you focus your argument on a specific cause and effect. They can also help you achieve a specific goal.

The Common Long Term Complications Of Diabetes Mellitus

One of the most common long-term complications of diabetes mellitus is painful neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy is estimated to affect about 60-70% of all diabetes patients and can lead to foot ulcers, amputations, and decreased quality of life. The most common form is chronic peripheral neuropathy which results in pain and numbness in the extremities, usually described as a burning, tingling, or steady aching pain.1 Patients may also feel increased sensitivity to pain or experience paresthesia, a sensation of tingling, tickling, or prickling of the skin.1 According to current guidelines, intensive glycemic control is very important for the prevention and reduction of peripheral neuropathy and other microvascular complications.1,2 Medications used to help relieve nerve pain include duloxetine and pregabalin (Lyrica ®), which are both approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in diabetic neuropathy. Other drug classes commonly used are antidepressants, anticonvulsants , and opioids.3 Although there are many medications used for this condition, pain relief is often insufficient for patients. Treatment is difficult due to the complicated pathophysiology of pain transmission and the wide range of mechanisms of action of drugs used to treat pain. Therefore, there is a continued need for additional medication options for this chronic painful condition. Lacosamide is an anticonvulsant approved for use as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures.Show MoreRelatedDiabetes Mellitus As A Disability1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe amount of patients being diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus has sky-rocketed these past few years. ‘†In 2010 the figures were 25.8 million and 8.3%†Ã¢â‚¬  and has increased in ‘†2012 to 29.1 million Americans, or 9.3%.†(American Diabetes Association, 2014); it is seen nationwide, and has now even begun to affect our youth. In South Texas Diabetes Mellitus seems to be the number o ne thriving disease affecting its general population. Diabetes Mellitus is now one of the most widely known diseases thatRead MoreEssay on Diabetes Mellitus1381 Words   |  6 Pages1. Discuss the pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition in which the body has the inability to produce insulin or react normally to insulin. The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus is extremely complex, as diabetes mellitus is characterized by different types but share common symptoms and complications. Diabetes mellitus is classified in two types: Type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Although the disease is characterized by different etiologiesRead MoreA Short Note On Diabetes Mellitus And Diabetes1738 Words   |  7 PagesDIABETES MELLITUS 1 Emily Marroquin MED 2056 Diabetes Mellitus Instructor Michela Leytham 12/3/14 DIABETES MELLITUS 2 In 2012 29.1 million Americans had diabetes of those 29.1 million, 21.0 million were diagnosed and 8.1 million were undiagnosed. What isRead MoreWhat is Diabetes Mellitus? Essay655 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is Diabetes Mellitus? Diabetes is a very common disorder. It is the 8th leading cause of death worldwide. It is projected that the number of individuals with diabetes will almost double by 2030. Diabetes mellitus is a disorder characterized by abnormalities in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. The most common feature seen in diabetes is increased blood glucose levels. The main reason for this is either a decreased/ absent insulin production or resistance of the body to the action ofRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus And The Long Term Complications1385 Words   |  6 Pagespaper is to give a general idea of diabetes mellitus, epidemiology, role factors and complications that arise from it, comparing and exhibiting the distinctions between type I type II diabetes, the people who are in jeopardy of developing diabetic renal diseases and hypertension due to the complications identifying the general pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus the long term complications that may transpire. Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus is one of the very prevalent metabolicRead More Diabetes Mellitus Essay examples1745 Words   |  7 PagesDiabetes mellitus (DM) or simply diabetes, is a chronic health condition in which the body either fails to produce the amount of insulin needed or it responds inadequately to the insulin secreted by the pancreas. The three primary types of diabetes are: Diabetes Type 1 and 2, and during some pregnancies, Gestational diabetes. The clichà © for all three types of diabetes is high glucose blood levels or hyperglycemia. The pathophysiology of all types of diabetes mellitus is related to the hormone insulinRead MoreInvestigating The Serum Glucose Tests Used For Diabetes Mellitus : Fasting, Postprandial, And Oral Glucose Tolerance Test1450 Words   |  6 Pagesthe following serum glucose tests used to help diagnose diabetes mellitus: fasting, postprandial, and oral glucose tolerance test. Diabetes Mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterised by the body’s inability to produce insulin or the ineffective use of insulin present in the body. The major classifications include type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes (Day, Paul, Williams, 2016). While early signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus may be present in individuals, the healthcare provider mustRead MoreDiabetes : A Common Chronic Disease878 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes is a common chronic disease that causes problems in the way the blood uses food. The inability of the body to transform the sugar into energy is called diabetes. Glucose is the primary source of fuel for our body. When foods were digested, some of those foods were converted into glucose. Glucose then is transferred into the bloodstream and is used by cells for energy. However, for the glucose to be transferred from the blood into the cells; insulin, which was produced by the beta cellsRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus ( Dm ) Or Type 2 Di abetes1398 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus (DM) or Type 2 Diabetes is seen as a metabolic disease that is categorized by abnormally high blood glucose or hyperglycemia. Diabetes Mellitus is also formerly known as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and is the most common form of diabetes that is seen. Insulin is a hormone that is supplied to the body that allows us to efficiently use glucose as fuel. When carbohydrates are broken down into sugars in the stomach glucose enters the blood circulation simulating the pancreasRead MoreDiabetes : A Common Chronic Disease1230 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes is a common chronic disease that causes problems in the way the blood uses food. The inability of the body to transform the sugar into energy is called diabetes. Glucose, a simple sugar, is the primary source of fuel for our bodies. When food is digested, some of the food will be converted into glucose which is then transferred from the blood into the cells however, insulin, which is produced by beta cells in the pancreas is needed. In individuals with diabetes, this process is impaired

The Life and Works of Langston Hughes Essay - 1971 Words

The Life and Works of Langston Hughes nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å" In a deep song voice with a melancholy tone, I heard that Negro sing, that old piano moan – Ain’t got nobody all in this world, Ain’t got nobody but ma self. I’s gwine to quit ma frownin’ and put ma troubles on the shelf.† The above excerpt is from Langston Hughes prize winning poem, â€Å"The Weary Blues.† Hughes, considered to be one of the world’s outstanding authors of the twentieth century (Ruley 148), is a prolific poet, novelist, essayist, playwright, autobiographer, and a writer a of children’s books (Andrews, Foster, Harris 368). David Nicholson says of Hughes, â€Å"He strove to reflect an American reality ignored or distorted by other American writers (504).† The†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The â€Å"rhapsodist† was a exceedingly well educated man. While in high school, he read the poetry of Carl Sandburg and Walt Whitman (Bloom, Bloomâ₠¬â„¢s 12). Sandburg was decisive in leading him toward free verse and a radically democratic, modernist aesthetic (Andrews, Foster, Harris 368). Andrews states, â€Å"Hughes called Sandburg, his guiding star (368).† After graduating high school, eager to experience New York and especially Harlem, Hughes entered Colombia University in the fall of 1921 (Bloom, Bloom’s 12). However, his first encounter with college was unpleasant (Bloom, Bloom’s 12). Subsequently, he left his freshman year and became a merchant seamen in Europe and Africa (Rampersad 8). Plagued with money problems, Hughes came back to the United States in 1924 and began to take his writhing seriously (Rampersad 8). In 1926, at the age of twenty-four, Hughes entered himself into Lincoln University in Pennsylvania (Rampersad 8). It was during that time he published his first book of poetry, The Weary Blues, which was grouped according to seven romantic ideas, and sixty-eight poems under seven heading s (Bloom, Bloom’s 15). The volume earned him aShow MoreRelated Life and Work of Langston Hughes Essay1980 Words   |  8 PagesLife and Work of Langston Hughes Early Years James Mercer Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri, on February 1, 1902, to James Nathaniel Hughes, a lawyer and businessman, and Carrie Mercer (Langston) Hughes, a teacher. The couple separated shortly thereafter. James Hughes was, by his son’s account, a cold man who hated blacks (and hated himself for being one), feeling that most of them deserved their ill fortune because of what he considered their ignorance and laziness. Langston’sRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Langston Hughes s The Road 1402 Words   |  6 Pagesin the literature work On the Road by Langston Hughes. Langston Hughes offers a gift in this work which is to open the heart and life will provide unlimited abundance. During this literary analysis Langston Hughes uses nature to demonstrate his main character s unwillingness to participate in life. Another point that Hughes demonstrates is the use of anger and survival and how it can be used as a powerful force in breaking down racial barriers. On e more impact Langston Hughes uses is Jesus ChristRead MoreReoccurring Themes in the Work of Langston Hughes Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes is an extremely successful and well known black writer who emerged from the Harlem Renaissance (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). He is recognized for his poetry and like many other writers from the Harlem Renaissance, lived most of his life outside of Harlem (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). His personal experiences and opinions inspire his writing intricately. Unlike other writers of his time, Hughes expresses his discontent with black oppression and focuses on the hardships of his people. Hughes’Read MoreA Prize For Poetry, International Ibsen Award You Named. Langston Hughes1058 Words   |  5 Pagesyou named. Langston Hughes is a great poet, his poems are truly inspirational, persuasive. It s almost like he was talking directly to the reader. To begin with, have you ever wondered what impact Langston Hughes poe ms had on people lives. Well if so then you on the right place. James Mercer Langston Hughes was born February 1, 1902, in Joplin, Missouri. His parents were Caroline Mercer Langston and James Nathaniel Hughes. Langston parents divorced when he was a kid, Langston was raisedRead MoreRacial Prejudice By Langston Hughes990 Words   |  4 PagesRacial tensions were even more prevalent in the twentieth century. Langston Hughes was a poet who really tried to bring attention to the growing racial tensions until his death in the late 60s. Throughout his life, Hughes was influenced by the time he grew up in and by his own family; he wrote to free the black culture and literature from racial pride. Hughes was born February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri to Carrie and James Nathaniel Hughes. His father wanted to become a lawyer, but the Oklahoma bar examinationRead MoreEssay on Langston Hughes a Harlem Renaissance Man1463 Words   |  6 Pagesartists such as Langston Hughes. James Mercer Langston Hughes was an African American poet, journalist, playwright, and novelist whose works were incredibly well known. It was during the peak of the Harlem Renaissance in which Langston Hughes produced poetry which was not just musically and artistically sound, but also captured the essence of the blues. Thus giving life to a new version of poetry that illustrated the African American struggle between society and oneself. Langston Hughes was one of theRead MoreEssay on The Poetry of Langston Hughes During the Harlem Renaissance1694 Words   |  7 Pagesrented to African Americans. A migration from the South and West Indies had allowed Harlem to become the cultural center of urban black Amer ica. People migrated in record numbers, but just as the cultural aspects of Harlem prospered other walks of life in Harlem suffered dramatically due to the ever increasing population. Having developed a distinctive culture, Harlem was the epicenter for black writers, artists and intellectuals during the 1920s. The Harlem Renaissance was centered on activitiesRead MoreAnalysis of on the Road by Langston Hughes Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pagesfound in the literature work On the Road by Langston Hughes. Langston Hughes offers a gift in this work which is to open the heart and life will provide unlimited abundance. During this literary analysis Langston Hughes uses nature to demonstrate his main characters unwillingness to participate in life. Another point that Hughes demonstrates is the use of anger and survival and how it can be used as a powerful force in breaking down racial barriers. One more impact Langston Hughes uses is Jesus ChristRead MoreLangston Hughes, An American Poet E ssay1583 Words   |  7 PagesJames Mercer Langston Hughes was one of the most influential African-American writers during the Harlem Renaissance. He was born on February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri to James and Carrie Mercer Hughes. Hughes parents divorced shortly after his birth and his father moved to Mexico. Hughes went to live with his grandmother, Mary Patterson Langston in Kansas while his mother travelled back and forth with jobs. After his grandmother died he went to live with friends of the family, James and Mary ReedRead MoreRacism and Langston Hughes658 Words   |  3 PagesLangston Hughes was a great African American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist (â€Å"The Biography of Langston Hughes†). As a child, he grew up in the times of racial inequality. As a result, his poems often shared the recurring theme of hope, breaking free from racial inequality, and to strive for a better future. This theme was very evident in the poems â€Å"Drea ms† and â€Å"I Dream a World†, by Langston Hughes. This common theme is a result of the era Hughes grew up in. James Langston

Purchase Management

Question: Write an essay on Purchase management. Answer: Introduction Purchase management is one of the most important activities for an organization, and it falls under the domain of material management. Purchase management is crucial for the business as it directly affects the continuity of business operation and profitability. The purpose of this report is to discuss and analyze the effectiveness of purchase management strategies adopted by G-Star Raw, which is apparel brand that caters to urban youths. The report discusses in detail about the supplier selection criteria, purchasing costs and the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for purchasing and operations and management (Kumar et al., 2014). Company background G-Star raw is a Dutch designer clothing company that founded in the year 1989 by Jos van Tilburg. The company manufactures urban clothing. The company specializes in making raw denim (i.e. untreated and unwashed denim cloths). Military clothing styles from around the world inspires the designs produced by the company. The designs of the cloths manufactured by G-Star Raw have been drawn on the inspirations of vintage military appeals from around the world. The company markets its products by collaborating with major retailers (supermarkets, hypermarkets, etc.) to display and sell its products. The company has more than 6500 selling points across the world. The company has also flagship stores in some of the major cities around the continent. In addition, the company also markets its products to customers through online mediums (G-Star, 2016). The philosophy that the company follows is Just the Product. It puts more emphasis on the development of high quality denims and apparels at an affordable price. The company targets urban youths and provides high level of craftsmanship with street level edge to create unique denim sector for itself; by positioning raw denims as a wearable and desirable material. Further, to attract urban youth towards the brand, the company has collaborate with many well renowned celebrities from different fields. Some of them include Afrojack, Ellen Von Unwerth, Lily Cole, Phil Hale and many others. This association of the brand with different artists has help in enhancing the brand image as a modern and contemporary brand (G-Star, 2016). G-Star Raw operates in apparel segment that is characterized by high inter industry competition. The major competitors of G-Star include Diesel, Levis, Wrangler, Lee, Gas, Calvin Klein, Acupuncture, Flying Machine. In addition, many new denim brands that cater to youths through their customized denim products present significant competition to the brand. These brands include Blue Cult, True Religion, Rock and Republic, Citizen of Humanity. Apart for denim specific brands, G-Star also faces competition from other apparel brands (G-Star, 2016). Supplier selection criteria and related issues Purchasing goals and needs of organization: G-Star Raw is known for its unique denim products and designs. The company is known to constantly experiment with its products in order to meet the expectations of its customers. The company is committed to create a style that is unique and identifiable for their G-Star look (Rajesh Malliga, 2013). The company boasts of strong supply chain partners that have helped the company in achieving its goals of producing strong products in a sustainable manner. The company has focused on maintaining long-term relationships with its suppliers in order to ensure continuity of operations in a cost effective way. G-Star Raw manufactures its products in 25 factories located in 5 different countries with an approximate 40,000 workers (Baily, 2013).However, these factories are of G-Star suppliers and the company monitors and regulates the terms under which its suppliers have to work to ensure compliance with local and international laws, and ethical and sustainable business practices. At present 50% of the products are being manufactured by the suppliers who are working for more than a decade for the company (Fernie Sparks, 2014). Since the company does not manufacture its products and is dependent on suppliers for its products, it is important to analyze underlying principles concerning purchasing goals and needs of the organization. The purchasing goals of the company are in line with its overall organizational objectives (Johnson, 2014). Most of the suppliers are located in developing countries such as China, India, Vietnam, Morocco, and Bangladesh. These countries have cheap labor facilities and low investment costs. This helps in reducing product cost. Therefore, the company maintains strong relations with its suppliers so that the products are available as per the market demand and trends. Further, the company takes great care of the purchasing policies of its suppliers so that the quality and legal compliances are fulfilled (Kaur Deb, 2015). Appropriate criteria for supplier selection: While selecting the supplier, it is important to determine supplier capabilities and policies. The suppliers ideology must be in line with the organization in order to avoid future conflicts. G-Star Raw maintains selects its suppliers on the basis of its ability to meets the demands of the business, associated cost of doing business, capability of delivering products on time, legal compliance and business ethics of suppliers and agility of suppliers to meet unexpected demands. Further, to maintain steady business operations, G-Star Raw maintains long-term relationship with its suppliers (Chai et al., 2013). The company has structured a compliance process integrating some tools to ensure that the suppliers comply with the code of conduct. Therefore, suppliers are checked on a regular basis by reputed and independent auditing firms. The company aims to improve the supply chain and to try their best to include the indirect suppliers in the compliance process to make the entire system more efficient to ensure continuity of the product. The company focuses on the building two-way relationship with the suppliers to reduce the production cost that will influence the prices of the end-product (Verma, 2014). Information communication technologies (ICT) for purchasing operation ICT helps the organization to develop effective and efficient communication within the organization and with its partners. With the help of ICT, the company has been greatly benefited as relevant information is easily communicated between the company and its suppliers. G-Stars ICT department has around 70 employees. It has the broad range of customized and standard applications. It has introduced standard software packages to incorporate IT in the business to make it more efficient to serve the customers (Bloom et al., 2014). The skilled infrastructure team of G-Star provides relevant information to all G-star offices, showrooms, and franchise stores. For the ICT business system, the company has appointed junior e-commerce system administrator; it has brought the new application to initiate changes in retail and e-commerce operations. The role of a system administrator is to grab the cutting edge technology in order to provide support to handle the e-commerce, retail and logistics system. Keeping this in mind the company is hiring ICT graduate who will be given the training to acquire knowledge about the latest technologies. The company has set criteria for the selection of ICT candidates. Further, the ICT aspirant should be result oriented, flexible, having excellent communication skill and soft skills and ability to work independently (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2013). The ICT department of the company comprises of 60 talented employees, located in Amsterdam. The department plays the major role in controlling the global ICT operations that include providing support to 400 stores, sales offices, and warehouses in around 50 countries. ICT to be applied for improving purchasing operations In order to improve purchasing operations information communication technologies can play a vital role in the manufacturing organizations. The optimum ICT should comprise of dedicated infrastructure and employees that actively maintains and monitors organizational needs. The organization needs to develop strategies to gather relevant data about market conditions and trends, competitors strategy and organizational internal communication needs. The data gathered from different sources should be quickly processed to develop contingency plans and it must be immediately communicated to the relevant departments or suppliers (Ward Peppard, 2016). The role of an ICT executive is to keep the latest knowledge of the business. The operating process, should be well versed with the ERP systems to create the user profiles and the authorization, able to provide proper support while implementing the administration procedures and the ICT is efficient enough to address all the issues related to internal helpdesk logging system (Amin Zhang, 2012). Training will be given to the relevant areas and the departments where it is required. Software development skill is needed from the ICT to launch the new application to enhance the prospects of the business. The ICT is responsible for software testing and implementation of new functionalities in the system. The ICT team should be able to achieved integration between the offline and online stores and increase the brand experience and the brand value of the enterprise (Bloom et al., 2014). Purchasing cost analysis The prices indicated on the website is the product price inclusive of all value added taxes, that is excluded shipping costs. The shipping cost would be charged separately for each agreement. The total purchase price will be summed up when the order is placed, and the process is confirmed (Standiford et al., 2012) The seller tends to change the price and adds discounts and offer in it without giving any prior intimation. The price that is indicated when the order is placed is the final purchasing costs that form the agreement. Therefore, the payment must be cleared using the method on the website within 14 days from the date of delivering a product. The buyer is compelled to inform the seller any details regarding any errors in payment. Moreover, if the customer fails to comply with the payment terms and conditions, the seller has the right to charge the buyer the interest on the due amount (Grant, 2016). In addition to that, the buyer is entitled to return the product without claiming any charge within 14 days after receiving the product without stating any valid reason for doing so, so far as the packaging is undamaged and in a right condition. Therefore, the buyer is not able to replace the product with a new product. If the purchaser wants to buy the new product, then the person must place a fresh order on the website (Zhang et al., 2013). The seller will refund the purchase price within 30 days after cancelling the agreement. If the customers are not happy with the type of the product, one can return to John Lewis shops, Royal Mail, Collect+ in UK. If the customers need to get heavy items then they can contact on 03456049049 for international returns can contact on +44 1698545454. The agreement would be conducted between the buyer and the seller when the seller accepts the order from the buyer that is placed via website in the following way The buyer has selected the desired product The buyer has completed the steps while purchasing the product (that is filling up the address and delivery address details in case both the addresses are not same, the buyer has gone through the payment method to make partial or full payment in advance) The order is placed and the buyer will get a confirmation of the order when placed via the website (Stadtler, 2015). The seller can reject the order placed by the buyer by following terms and conditions When the total value of the order exceeds the value described in the payment segment in FAQ The information filled by the buyer is incorrect When the buyer does not comply with the payment terms and conditions If the buyer has violated some payment norms in the past If the buyer fails to accept or collect the payment order in the past If there is a mistake in the prices indicated on the website If the delivery address does not belong to USA, the seller will inform the buyer about it, and the order is not accepted. The buyer may also request a copy of the agreement from the seller by contacting the seller by clicking on the About G-Star Raw' button on the website (Christopher, 2016). By improving the product quality and by adding the new features in the product can bring new customers whereas able to retain the existing customers at the same time. A recent survey has revealed that 56% of women and 52% of men prefer to buy a product of a reputed brand of their choice. So the brand name is a major factor that influences the purchasing decision of a buyer (Fernie Sparks, 2014). Tools for analyzing purchasing cost In order to analyze purchasing cost, an organization can implement various tools such as Cost analysis: it involve determining actual cost of products that is to be purchased. The cost of a product is dependent on many factors such as delivery, handling and storage. Therefore, a full procurement analysis helps in determining total costs associated with purchasing from a particular supplier (Monczka et al., 2015). Inventory analysis: it involves analyzing cost of storing and handling materials once purchased from the suppliers (Amindoust et al., 2012). Best use of supplier analysis: in case the company has more than one supplier, it is important to identify which supplier is providing value for money, delivery time, and past experience of doing business with the suppliers (Heizer et al., 2016). Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that the companys dedication to artistry and continuous effort towards developing the product has given it a competitive advantage and growth to operate the business in a long run. The supply chain and logistic operations has helped helps the company to achieve benchmark in the industry. In this context, G-Star Raw has implemented optimum purchase management strategies. The companys suppliers have same vision as of the company, this has resulted in developing long term relations with them. Furthermore, the company have employed technologically advanced ICT mechanism that provides the company competitive edge over its competitors. References Amin, S. H., Zhang, G. (2012). An integrated model for closed-loop supply chain configuration and supplier selection: Multi-objective approach.Expert Systems with Applications,39(8), 6782-6791. Amindoust, A., Ahmed, S., Saghafinia, A., Bahreininejad, A. (2012). Sustainable supplier selection: A ranking model based on fuzzy inference system.Applied Soft Computing,12(6), 1668-1677. Baily, P. J. (2013).Purchasing and supply management. Springer. Bloom, N., Garicano, L., Sadun, R., Van Reenen, J. (2014). The distinct effects of information technology and communication technology on firm organization. Management Science, 60(12), 2859-2885. Bloom, N., Garicano, L., Sadun, R., Van Reenen, J. (2014). The distinct effects of information technology and communication technology on firm organization.Management Science,60(12), 2859-2885. Chai, J., Liu, J. N., Ngai, E. W. (2013). Application of decision-making techniques in supplier selection: A systematic review of the literature. Expert Systems with Applications, 40(10), 3872-3885. Christopher, M. (2016).Logistics supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed. Fernie, J., Sparks, L. (2014). Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Fitzsimmons, J., Fitzsimmons, M. (2013).Service management: Operations, strategy, information technology. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Grant, R. M. (2016).Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Heizer, J., Render, B., Munson, C. (2016).Principles of operations management: sustainability and supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed. Johnson, P. F. (2014).Purchasing and supply management. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Kaur, H., Deb, M. (2015). Establishment of effective purchase management system: a study of leading manufacturer of wire and strands in eastern india. Management insight, 11(1). Kumar, A., Jain, V., Kumar, S. (2014). A comprehensive environment friendly approach for supplier selection.Omega,42(1), 109-123. Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., Patterson, J. L. (2015).Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Rajesh, G., Malliga, P. (2013). Supplier selection based on AHP QFD methodology.Procedia Engineering,64, 1283-1292. RAW, G. (2016). G-Star RAW | Official Online Store. G-star.com. Retrieved 21 June 2016, from https://www.g-star.com/en_nl Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Verma, R. K. (2014). Implementation of interpretive structural model and topsis in manufacturing industries for supplier selection. Ind Eng Lett, 4(5), 1-8. Ward, J., Peppard, J. (2016).The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons.

Is HRM a worthwhile investment for an SME

Introduction Organizations’ management teams are increasingly appreciating the importance of human capital in an effort to improve their organizations’ competitive advantage (Kok 2003). This has led to an increment in the number of studies being conducted with regard to best practices of managing human resources.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is HRM a worthwhile investment for an SME specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There has also been increased recognition of the purpose of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the modern economies. This realization illustrates that, there is a point of convergence between human resource management and small medium enterprises. Human resource management [HRM] deals with management of a firm’s workforce (Kok 2003). It is composed of a set of different but interrelated processes, activities, and functions that are aimed at attracting, developing, and retain ing an organization’s workforce. Some of the activities undertaken in HRM include employee recruitment, selection and formulation of effective appraisal and compensation scheme. Through HRM, organizations can develop and retain talented and energetic workforces that can contribute towards attainment of the formulated organizational strategies, missions, goals and objectives (Transky Heneman 2006). Additionally, integration of HRM practices and policies can significantly contribute towards a firm improving its performance. However, integration of HRM in SMEs is relatively low (Cooper Burke 2011). Previous studies reveal that, most SMEs do not make optimal use of HRM practices in their operations (Bacon, Hoque 2005). Some of these studies assert that, most SMEs tend to operate in a more flexible and informal manner compared to large enterprises. For example, Kok (2003) is of the opinion that, a firm’s size is directly related with its incidence towards HRM practices s uch as training and planning. However, small firms are less likely to invest in training for their employees, performance appraisal, and recruitment practices probably due to limited capital and revenues. HRM in SMEs is mostly characterized by administrative tasks whereas the more strategic matters are not perceived with the weight that they deserve. A study conducted by Hendry and others in 1991 reveals that, SMEs perceive investing in HRM as an additional undertaking beyond the level that is necessary to sustain their operations; a luxury that can only be afforded if the firm makes substantial profits (Kok 2003). However, considering the environmental uncertainty facing firms today, it is paramount for SMEs to evaluate their operational practices in order to remain competitive and HRM optimization is slowly becoming indispensable.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In additio n to being characterized as being informal, management teams of SMEs are also considered to be less specialized compared to large enterprises. Employees of SMEs tend to perform different tasks compared to large enterprises, which means that the level of specialization is relatively low. This aspect is well illustrated by a qualitative study conducted by Berkley and Heneman in 1999. The study took into account a random test on 117 SMEs whose human resource base was less than 100 employees. Findings of the study showed that, 15 of the SMEs considered had a human resource management department (Kok 2003). There is growing evidence that HRM practices tend to be sophisticated especially for SMEs. On the basis of the above analysis, it is evident that there is a significant level of deficiency with regard to HRM in SMEs. This paper is aimed at critically evaluating whether it is worthwhile for SMEs invest in HRM. Analysis of the trend of HRM Previous studies conducted have shown that, dev elopment of an effective workforce and organizational culture is one of the ways through which organizations can develop their competitive advantage. Firm and employee culture are considered to be some of the most fundamental aspects in the success of SMES. An example of such culture includes operating in a social responsible manner (Mankelow 2008). As a result, it is quite unprofessional for SMEs to continue underutilizing their human capital (Cooper Burke 2011). HRM has over the past decade become one of the most crucial aspects that both small and large organizations have to consider. There are a number of reasons that have contributed to this shift. Some of these reasons are explained in the paper. Currently, the business environment is increasingly becoming knowledge based. This means that firms are considering knowledge as an important source of competitive advantage. This has arisen from the high rate of globalization that is being experienced today (Knowles, Diamantis El-M ourhabi 2004). As a result of globalization, most economies are eliminating trade barriers thus presenting a challenge to firms through increased competition (Tsui Lai 2009). Therefore, it is paramount for organizational management teams to consider ways of enhancing their organization’s performances (Cooper Burke 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is HRM a worthwhile investment for an SME specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the development of the education sector in different economies, the workforce is becoming more and more educated. There has also been considerable growth with regard to employees’ expectations on working environment and quality work. Additionally, staff shortages have made firms experience intense competition for human capital. As a result, SMEs are reconsidering on the best practices that they can retain their talented workforce (Cooper Burke 2011). The importance of HRM in both large and SMEs is also being enhanced by the demographic changes occurring within the labour market. One of the demographic changes being witnessed arises from the fact that the workforce is becoming aged. As a result, it has become essential for SMEs to consider incorporating performance incentives and training and development initiatives in order to maximize on their employees’ working capacity. Organizations are also experiencing a significant transformation with regard to clients and customer expectations. As a result of customers and clients becoming more knowledgeable, they are demanding effective, efficient and high quality services and products (Cooper Burke 2011). Analysis of the changes occurring within the business environment reveals that, it is critical for businesses to consider ways of improving their competitive advantage through integration of HRM practices in their management practices. Theoretical frameworks formulated to explain the importance of HRM in SMEs A number of theories have been advanced to explicate the relevance of SMEs investing in HRM. One of the theoretical explanations is universalistic in nature. The theory is based on HRM best practices (Cooper Burke 2011). Through integration of HRM best practices, SMEs can attain considerable improvement in their performance. One of the ways through which this can be attained is by incorporating the concept of employee training and development (Jolly 2003). Findings of a study conducted in 2002 on the perspective of employee development in SMEs revealed that, training and development is an indispensable component in a firm’s effort to attain the desired growth. This arises from the fact that training and development contributes towards increased productivity within an organization’s workforce. Increase in productivity arises from the fact that employees perceive a higher opportunity for growth within such an organization. Training and development also e nhances the employees’ level of motivation. Despite the benefits associated with training and development, some parties are of the view that training and development can result into increased employee turnover as a result of poaching (Jolly 2003). However, for training to be successful in SMEs, management teams should ensure that it is well imbedded within the firm’s workplace, informal and flexible. The theory also asserts that incorporation of HRM by SMEs would result in adoption of performance based pay. According to Longenecker (2006), it is paramount for SMEs to acknowledge the importance of formulating a compensation plan that will contribute towards attraction and retention of well-qualified personnel.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the ways through which SMEs can achieve this goal is through incorporation of HRM best practices. Some of the elements that they should consider when formulating the compensation plan include competitive salary and wage levels, and financial incentives that will improve employee productivity. One of the financial incentives that are most effective in SMEs includes sharing profits. This arises from the fact that it is possible for SMEs to assess individual performance (Longenecker 2006). The second theoretical framework is behavioural in nature. The theory asserts that human resource management practices and policies have a significant influence on employees’ behaviour, for example, through organizational commitment, employee creativity and work engagement. These aspects consequently affect productivity, profitability and performance (Cooper Burke 2011). The third theoretical framework is economic in nature. This arises from the fact that significant cost is incurred i n the process of adopting formal HR practices. According to Phillips (2005), acquisition and maintenance of a strong workforce is quite expensive. There are numerous cost categories that are involved in the development of a strong workforce. Some of these are related to recruitment, selection, indoctrination, initial training, formulation of competitive compensation and reward systems, socialization and exit costs. This can be a challenge especially to SMEs compared to large enterprises. How HRM is worthwhile investing by SMEs There are a number of reasons that illustrate why it is worthwhile for SMEs to invest in HRM. For example, through incorporation of effective training programs, SMES can be able to derive more value from their workforces. This arises from the fact that the business will be able to effectively address the most pertinent issues facing its operation. Investing in HRM can also improve the employees’ attitude towards work. One of the ways through which this change of attitude is attained is by integrating effective leadership measures (Cooper Burke 2011). Findings of a study conducted in the US on leadership training revealed that revenues of firms that incorporate leadership training grow with a margin of more than 25% compared to their training cost (Cooper Burke 2011). This well illustrates the fact that training can result in improvement of SMEs financial performance. Additionally, investing in HRM can significantly improve the performance of SMEs through improved employee engagement. There are a number of ways through which organizations can achieve this; some of these include ensuring that the employees have a comprehensive understanding of their performance expectations. Additionally, SMEs should ensure that employees have sufficient resources to support successful completion of tasks. By investing in HRM, SMEs can be able to contribute towards staff development, improve on employee input, in addition to compelling the employe es to be focused towards attainment of organizational goals and mission. Integration of HRM in SMEs can also contribute towards development of a strong workplace culture. Work within the modern economy is becoming more and more demanding (Ulrich 1997). For example, organizations are demanding more from their employees with few resources. There has also been a decline in employment security, which is making the employees to reconsider their commitment and contribution to their employers (Ulrich 1997). However, incorporation of HRM by SMEs can significantly improve their performance in a number of ways. For example, HRM contributes towards development of an enabling environment for employees to work in. One of the reasons why organizations are experiencing a challenge with regard to employee turnover relates to the current global economic changes. Employees are constantly faced with the challenge of ensuring that they provide for their families. To achieve this, employees are consider ing improving their competitive edge within the labour market. To achieve this, employees are considering going back to school. The employees work demands coupled with their desire to enhance their competitiveness in the labour market are leading to increased stress levels amongst the employees. This arises from the fact that the employees are not able to balance between work and life. Occurrence of such a phenomenon would have adverse effects on the employees productivity and hence the organization’s performance and competitive advantage (Williamson, Lewis Massey 2011). Some of the HR practices that organization management teams should consider in order to deal with this challenge include incorporation of work-life balance and stress management policies (Williamson, Lewis Massey 2011). Effective formulation and implementation of work-life balance can be beneficial to SMEs through achievement of a healthier and happier life for the employees. One of the ways through which m anagement teams of SMEs can achieve this formulation is by integrating effective HR policies; for example, flexible career options and working hours (Cooper Burke 2011). Integration of such strategies can significantly improve the employees level of satisfaction and hence their productivity. Considering the competitive nature of the labour market, it is paramount for SMEs to ensure that they acquire a strong workforce (Michalski 2011). This can only be attained by ensuring an effective employee recruitment process. However, most SMEs do not consider investing their time and money towards developing their human capital. As a result, they do not have a formal employee recruitment process. Recruitment of a strong workforce in SMEs is also hindered by the fact that they are not well connected in the labour market (Cooper Burke 2011). Additionally, most SMEs tend to suffer image problem amongst job seekers. To improve on their ability of recruiting a strong work workforce, it is paramo unt for SMEs to be concerned on becoming more legitimate. To deal with this challenge, it is crucial for SMEs to consider investing in a comprehensive recruitment process. Through recruitment, an organization can attract a wide range of workforce to select from. SMEs should consider several issues in order to attract high-quality job applicants. For example, they should invest in initiatives aimed at making their organizations recognizable amongst job applicants (Hartman Spiro 2005). SMEs should also invest in developing human resource policies such as those used by large enterprises. This can be attained by outsourcing HR consultants to aid in the formulation and implementation of the policies. Such investment in HRM would have significant influence in SMEs’ operational efficiency. The recruitment process is followed by selection of the most qualified staff which is a relatively complex process (Harney Dundon 2006). Due to time and financial constraints, most SMEs conduct reactive selection and recruitment process. Additionally, a substantial proportion of SMEs do not have sufficient understanding on the requirements of a position intended to be filled. However, to ensure that they develop a strong workforce, it is critical for SMEs to invest in HRM practices such as employee selection and recruitment. Upon acquiring a strong workforce, it is paramount for management teams of SMEs to consider on the most effective ways of motivating and retaining employees. This arises from the fact that underperforming employees can be a threat to the success of SMEs. HRM provides a solution on the best practices of employee motivation. These strategies range from monetary to non-monetary benefits. Some of the non-monetary benefits include recognition of employee performance and promotions. To deal with underperforming employees, SME managers should ensure that they maintain constant communication with such employees in order to indicate what the firm expects of the m. Currently, SMEs can achieve this more effectively and efficiently considering the growth in information communication technology; for example, by using emerging social communication networks such as Twitter and video conferencing. This means that SMEs should invest in the current technology. Maintaining communication within an organization can significantly contribute towards development of a strong bond between employees and the management team (Cooper Burke 2011). SMEs, which have incorporated HRM in their operation, are able to deal with changes occurring in the business environment. This capacity to handle change easily is made possible by the fact that HRM enables organizations to undertake comprehensive human resource planning. As a result, they are able to evaluate and anticipate their current and future human resource needs. Therefore, investing in HRM can enable SMEs to be proactive in dealing with environment changes rather than being reactive. Conclusion The above ana lysis makes it evident that, SMEs do not pay much emphasis on HRM compared to large organizations. For example, studies conducted reveal that only a few SMEs have a functional human resource department. This means that, human resource activities are conducted more informally. There are a number of reasons that explain this trend. Some of the reasons range from lack of knowledge on HRM by management teams of SMEs to the high cost involved in implementing HRM. However, changes occurring within the business environment such as globalization have increasingly made SMEs to reconsider the role of HRM in an effort to survive in the challenging business environment. Despite this, the above analysis underscores the importance of HRM in SMEs. For example, despite investing in HRM policies and practices being costly to SMEs with regard to financial and time requirements compared to large organizations, there are numerous benefits that SMEs can achieve. Incorporation of HRM practices can contri bute towards improvement of SMEs’ competitive advantage in a number of ways. For example, by investing in training and development, SMEs can improve the employees working efficiency and effectiveness. Additionally, organizations that invest in training and development are more efficient with improving employee satisfaction. This arises from the fact that the employees develop a perception that the organization has an interest in their heart. This will consequently culminate in improvement of their productivity and hence their performance. Considering the dynamic nature of the business environment, it has become necessary for SMEs to shift their operations towards becoming knowledge-based to be competitive. This can only be achieved if SMEs undertake sufficient training and development. By investing in employee recruitment and selection, there is a high probability of SMEs developing a strong human resource base. The resultant effect is that the firm’s competitiveness w ill be enhanced. Additionally, if effectively formulated and implemented, investing in HRM practices and policies can result in the creation of an enabling working environment. This argument holds because HRM advocates for firms to incorporate strategies, which will contribute towards a high level of employee satisfaction. Some of these strategies relate to ensuring that the employees are well remunerated and their performance recognized by conducting sufficient performance appraisals. Investing in HRM increases the probability of SMEs to achieve their goals and objectives. One of the ways through which this scenario is made possible arises from the fact that HRM advocates for effective management of employees; for example, by integrating the concept of teamwork. Effective organizational leadership also plays a critical role with regard to enhancing cohesiveness in an organization. Considering the contribution of HRM towards organizational success, it is vital for SMEs to incorporat e the best HRM policies and practices, because as explicated in this paper, HRM is a worthwhile investment for SMEs. Reference List Bacon, N Hoque, K 2005, ‘HRM in the SME sector: valuable employees and coercive networks’, International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 16 no. 11, pp. 1976-1999. Cooper, C Burke, R 2011, Human resource management in small business: Achieving peak performance, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. Harney, B Dundon, T 2006, ‘Capturing complexity: Developing an integrated approach to analyzing HRM in SMEs’, Human Resource Management Journal, vol. 16 no.1, pp. 48 – 73. Hartman, K Spiro, R 2005, Recapturing store image in customer-based store equity: A construct conceptualization, Indiana University, Indiana. Jolly, A 2003, Skills and Training Directory: A Complete Sourcebook of Best Practice and Training Providers, Kogan Page, London. Knowles, T, Diamantis, D El-Mourhabi, J 2004, The globalization of tourism and hospita lity, Thomson, London. Kok, J 2003, Human resource management within small and medium-sized enterprises, Rozenberg Publishers, Amsterdam. Longenecker, J 2006, Small business management: An entrepreneurial emphasis, Thomson, Ohio. Mankelow, G 2008, ‘Social responsibility paradox of small business human resource management,’ International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 19 no. 12, pp. 2171-2181. Michalski, A 2011, Human resource controlling in small and medium enterprises: Components and possible approaches, Berlin, GRIN Verlag. Phillips, J 2005, Investing in your company’s human capital: Strategies to avoid spending too little or too much, AMACOM, New York. Transky, J Heneman, R 2006, Human resource strategies for the high growth entrepreneurial firm, Information Age Publishing, Greenwich. Tsui, A Lai, K 2009, Professional practices of human resource management in Hong Kong: Linking HRM to organizational success, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong. Ulri ch, D 1997, Human resource champions: The next agenda for adding value and delivering results, Harvard Business School, Boston. Williamson, A, Lewis, K Massey, C 2011, Work-life balance in small business: The impact of firm and family milestone, Wellington, New Zealand Centre for SME Research. This essay on Is HRM a worthwhile investment for an SME was written and submitted by user Vivienne Hull to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Different Fields of Engineering

The Different Fields of Engineering Free Online Research Papers Through different interviews I have conducted, the conclusion that I have came up with is; the average person thinks that an engineer just designs buildings. There are many more things that engineers design. There are nine different disciplines within the engineering realm that work on other forms of engineering aside from designing buildings. The engineering field has many jobs within it that create and produce products that we see and use from day to day. Engineers of today are moving our society into the future and make our lives easier by creating useful products that help improve our way of life. The first field of engineering is Aerospace Engineering, which covers the â€Å"design, development, and testing of aircrafts, spacecrafts, missiles and the supervision of the manufacturing of these products.† (Engineering Majors, para.1.) The research in this field has created; the airplanes that we fly from state to state on, the space shuttle that put the first man on the moon, and missiles that we can fire from naval vessels that are located miles from the target that they are set to destroy. Where would we be if we did not have airplanes to travel from state to state or overseas? Our travel time would more than double or triple to get from one point to another. These engineers are hired in at a salary of $58, 130 per year. (Occupational, section 17-2011.) The next field of engineering is Chemical Engineering which deals with production and creation of â€Å"pharmaceuticals, pulp and paper, food processing, polymers, and environmental health.† (Engineering Majors, para. 4.) It is our Chemical Engineers that come up with inventions like; new cures for allergies, vaccines for the latest virus strands. They have also found ways to recycle our paper and plastic products so they will not clutter our streets with trash, new ways to re-create food so that we can coax our kids into eating healthy food, like string cheese, V-8 fruit drinks, and chewable, good tasting vitamins. These engineers are hired in at $53,730 per year. (Occupational, section 17-2041.) â€Å"Civil Engineers design our buildings, bridges, power plants, roads, railroads, airports, harbors, channels, dams, irrigation projects, pipelines, water and sewage, waste disposal units, and dams.† (Occupational, section 17-2051.) Civil Engineers have designed magnificent structures like the Empire State building , the Golden Gate Bridge, and power plants that provide the electricity to our houses so that we can watch our favorite television shows, cook food on our electric stoves, and take showers from our electric water heaters. They have also designed the river ways, and culverts that carry the rain water away from our homes and businesses during heavy rainfall. These engineers are hired in at a salary of $48, 140 per year. (Occupational, section 17-2051.) How do we get electricity from the power plants to our houses? That’s the jobs that our Electrical Engineers do. They design lines that move the electricity from one point to another without damaging anything. They also â€Å"helped invent the computer, DSL, cellular phones, microchips and solar panel.† (Engineering Majors, para. 8.) Where would we be if we did not have computers? There would not be any online classes, or online universities. We would still be writing letters by hand probably delivering them by hand also. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) improved the internet by transferring information digitally, which is fifty times faster than the old analog system everyone used to have when the internet first came out. Almost every household in America has at least one or two cell phones. I depend on my phone so much that I can not leave home without it, and when I do, I feel like I am missing some clothing. These engineers are hired in at a salary of $52,990 per ye ar. (Occupational, section 17-2071.) Environmental Engineering helps keep our environment safe by studying â€Å"water and air pollution control, recycling, waste disposal, and public health issues.† (Engineering Majors, para. 9.) If it were not for Environmental Engineers, we would not have policies in place to protect our ozone layer, our water supply, and the amount of land we use for land fills. This policy protects our planet from manufactures producing too much air pollution from factories, by creating automobile engines that expel less pollutants in the air that break down the Earth’s ozone layer, creating new methods of keeping our water safe to drink, and producing ways to recycle plastic, water, and other goods that could clutter our land fills with more garbage. These engineers are hired in at a salary of $45,310 per year. (Occupational, section 17-2081.) Mechanical Engineers help our society by producing â€Å"machines and devices of all types.† (Engineering Majors, para. 13.) Mechanical Engineers design engines for our automobiles, planes, and ships. They design vehicles for our nation’s military that protect our borders from terrorists, farm equipment for the farmers that grow our fruits and vegetables, defense equipment for our emergency agencies, as well as security forces. They design tools for our mechanics, carpenters, masons, and wood workers so they can repair and build our houses, vehicles, and brick structures. These engineers are hired in at a salary of $47,900 per year. (Occupational, section 17-2141.) Industrial Engineering involves the process of â€Å"determining the most effective ways to use the basic factors of production.† (Engineering Majors, para. 10.) Industrial Engineers help streamline the process in which products are manufactured, and assembled. They study the process used to produce products from humans, or machines, and finds ways to improve them, and speed them up so that the process is operating as efficient as possible. If one vehicle took a month to produce, then we would probably be put on a waiting list for a year, just to get the vehicle we want. These engineers are hired in at a salary of $47,720 per year. (Occupational, section 17-2112.) Software Engineering involves â€Å"evaluation of the software and systems that enable computers to perform their many applications.† (Engineering Majors, para. 16.) They keep our networks running so that we can communicate through e-mail, and transfer files to each other. They also create programs that give us short cuts to help us get our jobs done a little faster. They write software that runs formulas to calculate formulas for us, programs that check the spelling and grammar in our writing assignments, programs that protect our homes and vehicles through security systems, and programs that update themselves at designated times of the day. These engineers are hired in at a salary of $59,170 per year. (Occupational, section 17-2061.) Biomedical Engineers â€Å"develop devices and procedures that solve medical and health-related problems by combining their knowledge of biology and medicine with engineering principles and practices.† (Occupational, section Nature of Work.) These engineers develop artificial body parts to replace missing or damaged body parts. People that have pace makers in their body, and those that have prosthetic arms, legs, or other body parts can live a more normal life because of these engineers. They also create medical equipment /devices used in medical treatment and operations. These engineers are hired in at a salary of $47,640 per year. (Occupational, section 17-2031.) Engineers have pushed our society into the future through the products that they have designed to improve our way of life. These people not only design structures, equipment, power, tools, programs, and processes, but they also design ways to save our natural resources. References Dhulipala, S. (2007, February 12.) Engineering Classified. Various Fields of Engineering. Retrieved October 12, 2009, from http://engineering.suite101.com/article.cfm/engineering_defined Engineering Majors. Retrieved October 5, 2009, from tryengineering.org/become.php?page=majors_eng Occupational Employment and Wages (May 2008.) Retrieved October 26, 2009, from bls.gov/oco/ocos027.htm What is Engineering? Retrieved October 9, 2009, from engineeringk12.org/students/What_Is_Engineering/Engineering_Alph abet/default.php Research Papers on The Different Fields of EngineeringGenetic EngineeringRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanOpen Architechture a white paperPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductTwilight of the UAWMind TravelThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and